Cryptosporidium detection Articles
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Occurrence and removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium at the Goreangab reclamation plant
This paper deals with the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in the water sources available for the Goreangab Reclamation Plant (GRP) and the subsequent removal during treatment at the reclamation plant. Giardia is detected more often than Cryptosporidium. 60% of the time it is detected in the samples from the dam and in 55% of the samples from the maturation pond effluent. During the ...
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USEPA Method 1623 and 1623.1
Introduction Cryptosporidium spp. and Giar-dia intestinaiis are well-known waterborne pathogens that have caused disease outbreaks around the globe. The 1993 outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Milwaukee and subsequent outbreaks have stimulated research regarding the occurrence and behavior of these pathogens in natural waters. Substantial research efforts have been expended to identify factors ...
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A new method for efficient detection of Cryptosporidium RNA by real-time reverse transcription-PCR with surfactants
Cryptosporidium is one of the most common causes of waterborne diseases worldwide. Its oocysts possess a robust wall that is extremely resistant to the chlorine used for potable water disinfection. The current procedures of nucleic acid extraction and purification, such as the freeze–thaw (F/T) method and the commercial kits, are time consuming and expensive. To this end, a surfactant ...
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Evaluation of alternative DNA extraction processes and real-time PCR for detecting Cryptosporidium parvum in drinking water
USEPA Method 1623 is the standard method in the United States for the detection of Cryptosporidium in water samples, but quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is an alternative technique that has been successfully used to detect Cryptosporidium in aqueous matrices. This study examined various modifications to a commercial nucleic acid extraction procedure in order to enhance ...
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Rapid method for viable
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts detectionCryptosporidium parvum is a waterborne coccidian protozoan parasite known to infect humans, resulting in an illness known as cryptosporidiosis. The widely used USEPA method 1622 to detect Cryptosporidium is time consuming, and unable to provide the information on oocysts viability and species. In order to develop a fast detection method for viable C. parvum oocysts, a 0.2 μm pore size hollow ...
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Waterborne transmission of
Giardia andCryptosporidium at river beaches in Southern Europe (Portugal)Giardia and Cryptosporidium are the most frequent enteric protozoa causing gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Intense recreational activity at Portuguese river beaches triggered the opportunity for a 2-year seasonal survey of 19 large river basin beaches. A total of 74 samples were collected and processed according to USEPA Method 1623 to detect Cryptosporidium and Giardia (oo)cysts. Faecal ...
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Development and test for long-term stability of a synthetic standard for a quantitative Cryptosporidium parvum LightCycler™ PCR assay
ABSTRACTA recently described quantitative rapid cycle real time PCR (LightCycler™) assay detects Cryptosporidium parvum after in vitro excystation, which is a surrogate marker for the viability of the organisms. In the original assay the quantification standard is a dilution series of C. parvum oocysts with a microscopically determined excystation rate. The need to keep suspensions of viable ...
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Cryptosporidium spp. andGiardia spp. in surface water supply of Campinas, Southeast BrazilSurface water contaminated by domestic sewage discharges is a potential source of pathogens, including protozoa. During 2005–2006, the source water (Atibaia River) of the Surface Water Treatment Plant (WTP) of Campinas city, São Paulo, Brazil was sampled to obtain an assessment of Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cyst concentrations. Calcium carbonate flocculation (CCF) and membrane filtration ...
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Evaluation of QIAamp DNA mini kit for removing of inhibitors in detection of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in water samples by a nested– PCR assay
In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the occurrence of waterborne disease outbreaks caused by the Cryptosporidium parvum, and presence of this protozoan parasite in drinking water is a significant health problem faced by the water industry. A new strategy for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples is PCR– based techniques. In this study a nested– PCR assay was ...
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Cryptosporidium source tracking in the potomac river watershed
To better characterize Cryptosporidium in the Potomac River watershed, a PCR-based genotyping tool was used to analyze 64 base flow and 28 storm flow samples from five sites in the watershed. These sites included two water treatment plant intakes, as well as three upstream sites, each associated with a different type of land use. The uses, including urban wastewater, agricultural (cattle) ...
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Identification of pathogen bacteria and protozoa in treated urban wastewaters discharged in the Ebro River (Spain): water reuse possibilities
The aim of this research work is to identify the presence of pathogens, bacteria and protozoa, in different treated urban wastewaters and to relate biological pollution with the processes used in wastewater treatment plants. A study of the possibilities for water reuse is carried out taking into account bacterial and parasite composition. The analysed bacteria and protozoa are: Enterococcus ...
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Detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts/oocysts in watersheds and drinking water sources in Brazil urban areas
The protozoan parasites Giardia and Cryptosporidium have been described as important waterborne disease pathogens, and are associated with severe gastrointestinal illnesses. The objective of this paper was to investigate the presence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in samples from watershed catchments and treated water sources. A total of 25 water samples were collected and examined ...
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Pathogenic parasites and enteroviruses in wastewater: support for a regulation on water reuse
Brazilian regulations for nonpotable reuse are being established using World Health Organization guidelines, however, they should be developed based on local monitoring studies. This study intended to analyze enteroviruses, protozoa and viable Ascaris sp. eggs in raw (24) and treated (24) effluents from four Wastewater Treatment Plants of São Paulo State, Brazil. The protozoa were ...
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Immunomagnetic separation study applied to detection of Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in water samples
In this work we studied the IMS purification comparing acid (n = 12) and heat (n = 12) dissociation procedures and investigated the possible losses of target organism in this step. Reagent water samples were directly inoculated with Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts (BTF Easy Seed™). Acid dissociation showed higher mean recovery efficiency and precision than heat ...
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A new immunomagnetic bead separation–surfactant extraction treatment protocol for rapid and sensitive quantitative PCR detection of Cryptosporidium parvum DNA
The Cryptosporidium oocyst is encased in a robust wall that is extremely resistant to detrimental environmental factors such as chlorine used to disinfect potable water. Therefore, extracting oocyst DNA is not a trivial undertaking. Standard procedures used to extract DNA from oocysts, such as freeze–thaw (F/T) methods and DNA purification kits, are time-consuming and expensive and are ...
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Microbial risk assessment for recreational use of the Chicago Area Waterway System
A microbial risk assessment was conducted to estimate the human health risks from incidental contact recreational activities such as canoeing, boating and fishing in the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) receiving secondary treated, but non-disinfected, effluent from three municipal water reclamation plants. Actual concentrations of the pathogens (pathogenic E. coli [estimated], Giardia, ...
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Assessment of molecular methods as a tool for detecting pathogenic protozoa isolated from water bodies
Several species belong to the Cryptosporidium and Giardia genus, the main parasitic protozoa occurring in water, but only some of them are infectious to humans. We investigated the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and identified their species in the water samples collected from natural water bodies in north-western Poland. A total of 600 samples from water bodies used for bathing, ...
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Detection of Cryptosporidium species and sources of contamination with Cryptosporidium hominis during a waterborne outbreak in north west Wales
As part of investigations into the cause of a waterborne outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis infection linked to a mains water supply, surface waters and wastewater treatment plants were tested for Cryptosporidium spp. Oocyst counts in base flow surface water samples ranged from nil to 29 per 10 l. Oocyst counts in effluent from a community wastewater treatment plant were up to 63 fold higher and ...
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Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Muskrats in Northeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey
Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. are intestinal parasites that affect humans and animals throughout the world. Although infection with Giardia spp. is usually self-limiting, some cases result in mild to severe enteritis. Giardiasis can be treated with modern drugs. The increasing incidence of well-documented outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis has resulted in a growing awareness of the danger of ...
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Survey and genetic characterization of wastewater in Tunisia for
Cryptosporidium spp.,Giardia duodenalis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cyclospora cayetanensis andEimeria spp.The microbial diversity of wastewater used for irrigation and fertilization was assessed using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to detect and genotype several pathogenic protists including Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Cyclospora spp., Eimeria spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. A total of 220 wastewater samples (110 raw, 110 treated) and 12 sludge samples were ...
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