cryptosporidium removal Articles
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Impact of kaolinite clay particles on the filtration of
Cryptosporidium -sized microspheresGranular filtration remains a key barrier for Cryptosporidium removal in water treatment plants without UV irradiation. To assess the impact of clay particles in source water on Cryptosporidium removal efficiency by granular filtration, this study investigated the co-transport of Cryptosporidium-sized microspheres and kaolinite particles in sand columns. To investigate the influence of clay ...
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Review of swimming-associated cryptosporidiosis and Cryptosporidium oocysts removals from swimming pools
In this paper, outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in swimming pools in the last 20 years are summarized. Cryptosporidium oocysts are very resistant to many disinfectants, including chlorine, one of the most widely-used disinfectants in swimming pools. Ozone or UV is shown to inactivate Cryptosporidium, while not effective to newly introduced Cryptosporidium and bacteria because of no residual ozone ...
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A pilot-scale study of Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removals from swimming pools via sand filtration
Cryptosporidium species are the most common cause of gastrointestinal illness in treated recreational water venues. In order to protect public health during swimming, Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removals by high-rate sand filtration with six coagulants were evaluated with a 5.5 m3 pilot-scale swimming pool. A sand filter without coagulation removed 20–63% of ...
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Self-Cleaning Filtration for Pretreatment of Membrane, UV and Ozone Water Treatment Systems
Recent field data has shown the effectiveness of automatic self-cleaning filters in removing suspended solids down to less than 3 microns in size without flocculents, pre-coats or granulated media. Pre-treatment of ozone systems is often needed to remove organic solids that would utilize high amounts of ozone during oxidation leaving little for complete disinfection. Selfcleaning screen filters ...
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QMRA-based reliability analysis to assess the performance of an ultrafiltration plant
In the drinking water treatment industry, it is becoming increasingly important to evaluate the reliability of different water treatment processes. This paper extends the use of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) as part of a reliability analysis, to assess the capacity of alternative water treatment technologies to minimize risk of microbial infection. The approach is demonstrated, in ...
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Removal of Cryptosporidium by wastewater treatment processes: a review
Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that infects humans and various animal species. The environmental stability and the low infectious dose of Cryptosporidium facilitate its transmission by water and food. Discharge of untreated wastewater may result in waterborne or foodborne Cryptosporidium outbreaks, therefore a suitable treatment may prevent its dissemination. Most studies on ...
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Fluorescent microspheres as surrogates to assess oocyst removal efficacy from a modified slow sand biofiltration water treatment system
There has been a resurgence of interest, technological advancement, and implementation of biologically active slow sand filtration technologies for small-scale potable water treatment in North America. Modelling the fate and transport of pathogenic microorganisms is vital to assess technological safety and for licensing, permitting and regulatory validation. The efficacy of a modified slow sand ...
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A Cryptosporidium hominis outbreak in North-West Wales associated with low oocyst counts in treated drinking water
An outbreak in the autumn of 2005 resulted in 218 confirmed cases of Cryptosporidium hominis. The attack rate (relative risk 4.1, 95%CI 2.8–9.1) was significantly higher in the population supplied by Cwellyn Water Treatment Works (WTW). A case–control study demonstrated a statistically significant association (odds ratio 6.1, 95% CI 1.8–23.8) between drinking unboiled tap water and C. hominis ...
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The Future in Water Treatment - An SA Water Perspective
Adelaide’s water quality has been the subject of adverse media comment in regard to taste and odour for years. At times, algal taste and odours are evident due to the majority of water being sourced from the River Murray plus reservoirs in the Adelaide Hills – a primary agricultural area. Further, customers complain about chlorinous taste and odour in the distribution systems. Despite all ...
By Ixom
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Characterising aquifer treatment for pathogens in managed aquifer recharge
In this study the value of subsurface treatment of urban stormwater during Aquifer Storage Transfer Recovery (ASTR) is characterised using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) methodology. The ASTR project utilizes a multi-barrier treatment train to treat urban stormwater but to date the role of the aquifer has not been quantified. In this study it was estimated that the aquifer barrier ...
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A full-scale study of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst and Cryptosporidium-sized microsphere removals from swimming pools via sand filtration
Removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Cryptosporidium-sized microspheres was evaluated in full-scale swimming pools via high-rate sand filtration (31–34 m/h) with coagulation. Results showed that at least 90% of C. parvum oocysts and microspheres were removed by filtration with an initial dosage of coagulant B (1.56 mg/L), D (1.9 mg/L or 305 g/m2), or F (1.56 mg/L) from each swimming ...
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Monitoring and evaluation of removal of pathogens at municipal wastewater treatment plants
The concentrations and removal of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and microbial indicators, including somatic coliphages and fecal coliforms were investigated through the wastewater treatment processes at three municipal wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. The experimental results showed that the concentrations of Cryptosporidium in untreated wastewater, primary treatment effluent, secondary ...
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Evaluation of Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cyst removal efficiency from urban and slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants and assessment of cyst viability in wastewater effluent samples from Tehran, Iran
Five municipal and domestic wastewater treatment plants, most of which had secondary treatment systems formed by activated sludge, were studied during 2013–2014 in Tehran. The study was done in order to evaluate their efficiency in terms of removal of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by (oo)cyst recovery in effluent samples using immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. Results showed that ...
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Characterising aquifer treatment for pathogens in managed aquifer recharge
In this study the value of subsurface treatment of urban stormwater during Aquifer Storage Transfer Recovery (ASTR) is characterised using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) methodology. The ASTR project utilizes a multi-barrier treatment train to treat urban stormwater but to date the role of the aquifer has not been quantified. In this study it was estimated that the aquifer barrier ...
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Removals of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and cryptosporidium-sized polystyrene microspheres from swimming pool water by diatomaceous earth filtration and perlite-sand filtration
Removal of Cryptosporidium-sized microspheres and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from swimming pools was investigated using diatomaceous earth (DE) precoat filtration and perlite-sand filtration. In pilot-scale experiments, microsphere removals of up to 2 log were obtained with 0.7 kg·DE/m2 at a filtration rate of 5 m/h. A slightly higher microsphere removal (2.3 log) was obtained for these ...
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Occurrence and removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium at the Goreangab reclamation plant
This paper deals with the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in the water sources available for the Goreangab Reclamation Plant (GRP) and the subsequent removal during treatment at the reclamation plant. Giardia is detected more often than Cryptosporidium. 60% of the time it is detected in the samples from the dam and in 55% of the samples from the maturation pond effluent. During the ...
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The challenge: Tackling the problem of microorganisms and pesticides - Case Study
As published in this months WET News....Conventional treatment are effective at removing Cryptosporidium, but there are inherent weaknesses in the technologies. atg’s Barry Hopton reveals all. The Challenge “The disinfection of public water supplies is a statutory requirement in England and Wales. Water supplied for domestic or food production purposes must not contain any ...
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UV Experience for Inactivating Cryptosporidium in Surface Water Plants
Untitled Document The disinfection of pathogenic microbes in drinking water has been largely successful over the last century due to the use of chlorination. However, research conducted in the 1970's revealed that by-products formed during the chlorination process are potentially carcinogenic and that there is a direct correlation between the concentration of ...
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Water Treatment Plant (Wtp) Optimization Techniques
Introduction Given the seemingly ubiquitous, yet episodic nature of pathogen presence in source waters, monitoring and opti-mizmg the performance of water treatment plants is an increasingly important aspect in many suppliers' plans for maintaining w;ater quality . Filtration Plant Optimization (FPO) The Filtration Plant Optimization (FPO) analysis w:as developed by the EPA to replace the ...
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UV Experience for Inactivating Cryptosporidium in Surface Water Plants
The disinfection of pathogenic microbes in drinking water has been largely successful over the last century due to the use of chlorination. However, research conducted in the 1970's revealed that by-products formed during the chlorination process are potentially carcinogenic and that there is a direct correlation between the concentration of chlorination by-products and the probability of certain ...
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