Current mode control (CMC) though offers improved line regulation, phase margin and high bandwidth suffers from high output impedance. Although load regulation can be improved by incorporating an integral gain, it reduces the phase margin and increases the overshoot. The objective of this paper is to achieve improved output impedance without using an integral controller. Incorporating a high pass ...
In an earlier blog post, we introduced the 6 different current sensing methods used in the current meters and sensors developed by Hioki. Here, we highlight the Rogowski coil method that enables the design of flexible sensors through the use of an air core (or coreless) structure. In a Rogowski sensor, there is no heat ...
A few months back, we posted a blog discussing the 6 different current sensing methods used in the current meters and sensors developed by Hioki. Here, we’re highlighting the sensors that incorporate a Hall Element to detect current. A Hall Element is a semiconductor sensor that applies the Hall Effect principle to measure the flow of current through a conductor via the magnetic ...
The aim of this work was to analyse the applicability of electrical conductivity sensors for on-line monitoring the start-up period of an anaerobic fixed-bed reactor. The evolution of bicarbonate concentration and methane production rate was analysed. Strong linear relationships between electrical conductivity and both bicarbonate concentration and methane production rate were observed. ...
A number of techniques have been developed for estimation of speed or rotor position in motor drives. In this paper, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is developed for the estimation of speed and rotor position using only the measurements of three phase stator currents. Conventional mechanical sensors are not needed for this estimation. The paper proposes the modelling of the dynamic equations of ...
Best F4 Flight Controller This version of the Flip32 AIO uses improved components and design that will properly limit the voltage to the Mini OSD preventing voltage spike and damage to the OSD. Features of Racing Drone Flight Controller : • STM103 MCU runs Cleanflight ...
Based on the maximization of entropy, microwave sensors are becoming standard approaches for converting point surface velocity measurements into discharge. Unfortunately, this conversion is conditioned by cross-section regularity and by the need to take the surface measures above the vertical where the maximum velocity occurs. Cross-section irregularities and the presence of floodplains, ...
Since the early space explorations by German scientist more than 70 years ago, there is a rising demand for further exploration and experiments in this area. In the meantime, the first shots of Earth were taken, animals were sent into space for survival test and the first full circulation of our Planet by a satellite, the unmanned, soviet Sputnik 1, was conducted successfully. On April 12th ...
Electrical conductivity is a measure of the ability of a solution to cany* a current. Current flow in liquids differs from mat in metal conductors in that electrons cannot flow freely, but must be carried by ions. Ions are formed when a solid such as salt is dissolved in a liquid to form electrical components having opposite electrical charges. For example, sodium chloride separates to form Na" ...
Interest in the development of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) based biosensors for the detection and monitoring of analytes in several fields has been extensively developed in the last decade. Indeed, SPR-based biosensors demonstrate interesting potential for environmental applications, and a substantial number of studies have been reported for heavy metals, dioxins, pesticides, aromatic ...
Eddy current nondestructive testing (NDT) is widely used and respected across many industries, including power generation, oil and gas, manufacturing, aviation, automotive, and rail. Eddy current technology uses electromagnetic currents to map the surface and near-surface areas of conductive materials. Doing so allows technicians to pinpoint cracks, flaws, and other defects which may lead to ...
In this paper, a novel, simple and reliable digital firing scheme has been implemented for speed control of three-phase induction motor using ac voltage controller. The system consists of three-phase supply connected to the three-phase induction motor via three triacs and its control circuit. The ac voltage controller has three modes of operation depending on the shape of supply current. The ...
Lufft is constantly updating its product line with sensors that integrate numerous new features. Therefore, software and tools must be kept up to date to support these new possibilities. We at Lufft’s Software-Development department are constantly involved to implement these features and honor the customers requests. In the end, even the best sensor needs a tool to be configured and ...
Nanosensors are central to many exciting developments in nanotechnology research. Following more than a decade of research, the applications of nanoscale sensors are progressively becoming a technological issue more than a field of fundamental research. With a sharp rise of attention in the past 15 years on self-organised zero or one dimensional nanostructures based on synthetic 'bottom-up' ...
What is a Resolver? A resolver is a rotary transformer consisting of a sensor that is used to accurately measure a rotor's angular position relative to the stator, as well as speed of rotation. It has no electronic parts, which makes it suitable for ...
If you’re monitoring a bridge or automating a machine, a high precision sensor is a great solution, but it’s no good if the output signal can’t reach the data logger. Depending on what you need to measure and what environment you’re in, determining how long your cable must run can be crucial. High precision sensors offer three common output types: analog, digital and ...
The Loop Current Step Response (LCSR) method is used for in–situ response time testing of temperature sensors as installed in an industrial process. This paper presents the theoretical foundation of the LCSR (test theory, LCSR equation and test procedures) and the author's research to validate its use in nuclear power industry applications. The validity of the LCSR method depends on how ...