developing countries drinking water Articles
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Waterborne diseases in the state of Mexico, Mexico (2000-2005)
This paper reports a spatial-temporal examination of waterborne disease data from the State of Mexico, 2000 to 2005, by county as the spatial unit. It was found that the incidence of waterborne disease did not decrease during the period under study. Inequality between metropolitan areas and rural zones was observed. People living in population centres had lower incidence of water-related ...
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Role of small-scale independent providers in water and sanitation
Small-scale independent providers (SSIPs) and households are good for 10?69% of the household water supply and sometimes up to 95% of the sanitation solutions in cities in developing countries. Different types of SSIP can be distinguished. They could be allowed to make a more important contribution to drinking water and sanitation in a situation where many governments cannot be the only one to ...
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Supply system factors associated with microbiological drinking water safety in regional New South Wales, Australia, 2001–2007
Aim: To determine factors associated with microbiological safety of public drinking water systems in regional New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Method: We analysed 107,000 end-user drinking water samples for an association between detection of Escherichia coli and drinking water system features, sample year and season using NSW Health Drinking Water Monitoring Program data, 2001–2007. We used ...
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Health gains from solar water disinfection (SODIS): evaluation of a water quality intervention in Yaoundé, Cameroon
In developing countries, the burden of diarrhoea is still enormous. One way to reduce transmission of pathogens is by water quality interventions. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a low-cost and simple method to improve drinking water quality on household level. This paper evaluates the implementation of SODIS in slum areas of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Promoters trained 2,911 households in the use of ...
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Securing 2020 vision for 2030: climate change and ensuring resilience in water and sanitation services
Drinking-water supply and sanitation services are essential for human health, but their technologies and management systems are potentially vulnerable to climate change. An assessment was made of the resilience of water supply and sanitation systems against forecast climate changes by 2020 and 2030. The results showed very few technologies are resilient to climate change and the sustainability of ...
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Occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria and microcystin toxin in domestic water storage reservoirs, Egypt
Residents in many developing countries store treated drinking water in tanks or reservoirs because of intermittent and infrequent water supplies. Many studies have focused on bacterial contamination of domestic reservoir waters, the cyanobacterial and algal contamination is largely unexplored. Therefore, the present study investigates toxic cyanobacteria and their microcystin (MC) toxins in ...
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Factors influencing nitrification in point-of-use BioSand filters
The BioSand filter (BSF) is a point-of-use treatment technology used in developing countries to improve drinking water quality. Studies on the BSF to date have mainly focused on bacterial, protozoan and virus reduction and less on the filter's effect on chemical contaminants that may also affect human health. This study explored the potential for nitrification in field-scale trials of ...
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Bacteria removal effectiveness of ceramic pot filters not applied with colloidal silver
In many developing countries such as Guatemala, access to safe drinking water is very limited. Many sources of water that are available are contaminated with bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria. In order to provide a means of obtaining safe drinking water in developing countries, various methods of treating water at the household level have been developed and ...
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Design and operation of a rainwater for drinking (RFD) project in a rural area: case study at Cukhe Elementary School, Vietnam
Since 2014, a well-designed rainwater for drinking (RFD) project has been successfully operating at Cukhe Elementary School, near Hanoi, Vietnam. During that time, daily rainfall data, water consumption, water quality and questionnaires to the community were prepared. Several concerns over the design and operation of RFD projects, such as lack of sufficient rainfall data, water quality ...
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Sorbent-embedded sheets for safe drinking water in developing countries: a case study of lead(II) removal by a zeolite-embedded sheet
Although many kinds of materials for water purification are known, easy-to-use methods that ensure the safety of drinking water for rural populations are not sufficiently available. Sorbent-embedded sheets provide methods for the easy removal of contaminants from drinking water in the home. As an example of such a sorbent-embedded sheet, we prepared a Linde type A (LTA) zeolite-embedded sheet ...
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The Human Right to Water
More than a billion people in the developing world lack safe drinking water – an amenity those in the developed world take for granted. Nearly three billion people live without access to adequate sanitation systems necessary for reducing exposure to water-related diseases. The failure of the international aid community, nations, and local organizations to satisfy these basic human ...
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When behavior change fails: evidence for building WASH strategies on existing motivations
Despite increased efforts, an estimated 30–40% of rural drinking water initiatives in developing countries fail to provide sustainable solutions. The Sustainable Development Goal for water (SDG 6) challenges us to solve this problem to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. In this paper, we explore one possible barrier to success: a potential ...
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Evaluation of drinking water quality in a water supply distribution network based on Grey correlation analysis
The lack of access to clean drinking water adversely affects public health and life expectancy in many developing countries. However, not all cities' drinking water can currently meet drinking water standards. Therefore, determining reasonable water quality changes and the influence of various factors on water quality is important for improving drinking water quality. The objective of this study ...
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Community-based rainwater harvesting (CB-RWH) to supply drinking water in developing countries: lessons learned from case studies in Africa and Asia
This paper uses pragmatic findings and lessons learned from three case studies to deduce that community-based rainwater harvesting (CB-RWH) is an innovative solution to develop sustainable drinking water supply systems in developing countries, especially in Africa and Asia. Taking advantage of traditional community-based activities in African and Asian villages, the water supply system can be ...
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Removal of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. from water supply with high turbidity: analytical challenges and perspectives
Giardia and Cryptosporidium species are a serious problem if present in water supplies. The removal of these protozoans and the adaptation of existing protocols are essential for supplying drinking water to developing countries. Considering this, the aim of this study is to evaluate, on a bench level, the removal of Giardia spp. cysts and of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts from water with ...
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Multi-criteria analysis applied to the selection of drinking water sources in developing countries: a case study of Cali, Colombia
Guaranteeing a safe and continuous drinking water supply for the city of Cali, Colombia, has become a concern for the water company of Cali, the environmental authorities, universities, and entities involved in the water resource. The progressive deterioration of the city's water sources has led to a search for future water sources and/or technologies in order to ensure high water quality ...
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Global water challenges
Across the globe, 2.5 billion people lack access to improved sanitation. One billion have to defecate in the open, 748 million lack access to improved drinking water and 1.8 billion use a source of drinking water contaminated with faeces. These are some of the statistics that highlight the enormity of the challenge facing the world if the draft Sustainable Development Goal of safe drinking water, ...
By SciDev.Net
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Sustainable community-based drinking water systems in developing countries: stakeholder perspectives
Over the past 25 years, stakeholders have become increasingly involved in the development and management of community-based projects. This paper presents the results of a study aimed at establishing stakeholder perspectives and priorities for sustainable community-based drinking water systems (CBDWS). The stakeholders have agreements and biases, which require an improved understanding of the ...
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Antibacterial and antiviral effectiveness of two household water treatment devices that use monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene
Many different household water treatment (HWT) methods have been researched and promoted to mitigate the serious burden of diarrheal disease in developing countries. However, HWT methods using bromine have not been extensively evaluated. Two gravity-fed HWT devices (AquaSure™ and Waterbird™) were used to test the antimicrobial effectiveness of HaloPure® Br beads (monobrominated ...
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Policy intervention for arsenic mitigation in drinking water in rural habitations in India: achievements and challenges
This article provides updated status of the arsenic affected rural habitations in India, summarizes the policy initiatives of the Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation (Government of India), reviews the technologies for arsenic treatment and analyses the progress made by states in tackling arsenic problems in rural habitations. It also provides a list of constraints based on experiences ...
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