dispersion modeling emissions Articles
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PM source apportionment analysis in the Venetian area
A CALMET–CAMx system was implemented to investigate PM10 source apportionment in the urban area of Venice. The modelling system was run for two winter months on a domain covering most of the Veneto region with a 4 km resolution mesh and a 1 km nested grid over Venice and its mainland area, in order to distinguish the local emission contributions from the regional ones. A brute–force method was ...
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Application of an ISCST3 model for predicting urban air pollution in the Izmir metropolitan area
A Gaussian atmospheric dispersion model, Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3), was used to estimate ground-level concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2) emitted from source categories of industrial and domestic heating in the city of Izmir, Turkey. Predictions were estimated for the year 2000 across a study area of 80 km x 100 km. Statistical analyses were carried out to evaluate the ...
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Forecasting air quality in the Greater Athens area for the year 2004: an intercomparison of the results of four different dispersion models
Forecasts for the NOx concentration levels in the Greater Athens area in 2004 are compared to the corresponding figures for 1990. Simulations are performed for two meteorological cases using four different dispersion models. Two different emission inventories are employed in the simulations. The first is based on the conditions for the year 1990, while the second is the reference scenario for the ...
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Validation of a mesoscale meteorological simulation over Po Valley
Very high secondary pollution concentrations often occur in Northern Italy, due to the density of anthropogenic emissions and frequent stagnant meteorological conditions that characterise the area. In such a situation it is important to use Chemical Transport Models (CTMs), to properly describe phenomena bringing to pollution formation and accumulation. Meteorological models are one of the ...
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On the dispersion models and atmospheric dispersion
As an air pollutant is transported, the pollutant disperses into the surrounding air so that it arrives at a lower concentration than it was on leaving the source. Strict environmental regulations worldwide resulted in a growing concern about the validity of air quality dispersion models. The present work is a try to evaluate the applicability of some dispersion models on the emission from an ...
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Hourly NOx concentrations and wind direction in the vicinity of a street intersection
This study relates NOxconcentrations and wind (speed and direction) measured inside an asymmetric street canyon, with ambient wind. The monitoring site is located near a street intersection. The wind measured at the domestic airport located in the city, near the coast, has been considered as ambient wind. Wind direction at the monitoring site inside the canyon is mainly from the E, NE, W and NW ...
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Air quality photochemical study over Amazonia Area, Brazil
This work presents the results of a photochemical modelling system composed of MM5–SMOKE–CMAQ on Brazilian Amazonia area, been a pioneered implementation task. These results focus on the biogenic and biomass burning emissions and the impact of these emissions on regional air quality. Global and local anthropogenic emissions data, satellite–derived biomass burning inventories, ...
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A Lagrangian particle model with chemical reactions: application in real atmosphere
In this work, a Lagrangian particle model able to account for simple chemical reactions between NO and O3 has been improved to consider the photolysis of NO2. A system of chemical equations is numerically solved on a Eulerian grid, while the particle trajectories are moved in a Lagrangian frame. The NOx emissions of a power plant in real atmosphere, situated in a complex topography environment, ...
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Dynamic modelling of transient emissions and concentrations from traffic in street canyons
In the EU 5th framework project DECADE (2001–2003), a new methodology has been developed to calculate in detail the engine power required to drive a given vehicle over any particular route. It includes the rapidly changing (transient) demands placed on the engine, an area that has proved an obstacle to accurate simulations in the past. Together with the associated speed profiles, the actual power ...
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Numerical study for the flow around moving cars and its effect on the dispersion of the traffic emitted pollution within a road tunnel
This paper presents results from a numerical study which was conducted in order to investigate the effect of the flow around moving vehicles on the dispersion and the concentration of traffic emitted pollution within the Traforo Umberto road tunnel in the city centre of Rome. A series of three dimensional numerical transient simulations were performed using the commercial CFD code Ansys CFX 5.7.1 ...
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Small scale particulate matter measurements and dispersion modelling in the inner city of Liège, Belgium
In the framework of the Interreg–IV 'PM–Lab' project a local–scale exercise was set up to evaluate air pollution in terms of particulate matter (PM) within the centre of Liège, Belgium (pop. 190,000). Sixteen sites distributed on a boulevard and its side streets were selected to determine the spatio–temporal variation of PM concentration in this traffic–dominated area. In addition to the in situ ...
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Modelling street canyon pollution: model requirements and expectations
Dispersion of pollution from traffic in urban street canyons is governed by a complex wind flow structure, which hardly can be described by traditional Gaussian models. On the other hand, some simple rules can be used to provide rough estimates of pollution levels, especially considering the worst-case conditions. The model requirements will thus also depend on the particular application and the ...
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Comparison of measured and modelled NO2 values at Zurich airport, sensitivity of aircraft NOx emissions inventory and NO2 dispersion parameters
This paper presents a comparison of modelled and measured annual mean NO2 concentrations around Zurich airport. Modelled concentrations were derived from the LASAT Lagrangian model for the airport and from a Gaussian plume model for the Zurich canton. The measured annual mean NO2 concentrations were monitored at stations within the airport. The modelled airport NO2 concentrations fell below 1 ...
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Sensitivity of ozone and aerosols to precursor emissions in Europe
We modelled the air quality in Europe during January and June 2006 using the MM5/CAMx model system and studied the sensitivity of ozone and aerosol formation to precursor emissions. Increased isoprene emissions by a factor of four in summer caused an increase in afternoon ozone by up to 10%. On the other hand, the effect on secondary organic aerosols (SOA) was very small. Reductions in NOx ...
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Traffic pollution modelling in a complex urban street
This study explores for the first time, the applicability of the Danish Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) in the city of Buenos Aires where street canyons are very irregular. The model is applied in an irregular and asymmetric street canyon of a five–lane avenue near a street intersection. Urban background concentrations estimated by the DAUMOD model are considered. Meteorological ...
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Application of a Lagrangian particle model to the source apportionment for primary macropollutants in Taranto area (South Italy)
A modelling system has been applied to estimate the annual contribution to the total concentrations of different pollutant sources in Taranto, one of the most industrialized areas in Italy. Industrial sources, traffic, domestic heating and harbour emissions have been taken into account. Modelling system includes 3-dimensional meteorological models SWIFT-SURFPRO with the Lagrangian particle ...
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Application of Lagrangian particle dispersion models to air quality assessment in the Trans-Manche region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) and Kent (Great Britain)
In the framework of the cross-border EU INTERREG IIIA activity, the joint Anglo-French project, ATTMA, has been commissioned to study Aerosol Transport in the atmosphere of the Cross-Channel, or 'Trans-Manche' region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) and Kent (Great Britain). The air quality of the region is dominated by the industrial area of Dunkerque, in addition to transportation sources linked ...
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An application of a puff dispersion model on power plant emissions in Yatagan region, Turkey
The present paper describes the application of the CALMET meteorological model and CALPUFF plume dispersion model to the Yatagan district to study the impact of Yatagan Power Plant emissions on the SO2 levels on December 2000 in the region. Results indicate that SO2 concentrations over the city depend strongly on advected emissions from the power plant and on the local variation of the wind field ...
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An inverse modelling approach for estimating vehicular emissions in urban coastal areas of the Messina Strait
The CALPUFF modelling system was used to predict dispersion of contaminants emitted from industrial, naval and vehicular sources in the Strait of Messina area (Italy). This region is of particular interest in that it relates to the construction of the Messina Bridge, the road infrastructure linking the Italian mainland and Sicily. The domain includes two cities, i.e., Messina and Reggio Calabria, ...
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A comprehensive experimental databank for the verification of urban car emission dispersion models
A summary presentation is made of representative samples from a comprehensive experimental databank on car exhaust dispersion in urban street canyons. Physical modelling, under neutral stratification conditions, was used to provide visualisation, pollutant concentration and velocimetry measurements above and inside test canyons amidst surrounding urban roughness. The study extended to two ...
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