dispersion modeling environmental Articles
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Application of dispersion models in the environmental assessment process in the United Kingdom
The UK planning process has traditionally been separated from the licensing process as far as industry is concerned. Implementation of the Environmental Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC) has therefore been the responsibility of planners, not pollution regulators. This is one of the reasons why there are no formalised procedures for using dispersion models in the environmental assessment ...
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Regulatory dispersion modelling in Denmark
In Denmark, the basic model for environmental impact assessments is the so-called OML model. The OML model is a Gaussian model, but in contrast to conventional regulatory models its physical description is not based on the traditional discrete stability categories. Instead, the model uses basic scaling parameters such as friction velocity, the Monin-Obukhov length, and the convective velocity ...
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Applications of regulatory diffusion models in Russia
Russian regulatory diffusion models are based on the concept of worst-case fields of concentration. This concept and its realisation in regulatory models are explained in this article. A worst-case field for this Workshop's EIA Inter-comparison Exercise is given as an example of practical applications of Russian regulatory diffusion models. Model calculations are compared with data from Kincaid, ...
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Simulation of atmospheric dispersion in the convective boundary layer: comparison between two Lagrangian particle models
The results obtained in convective boundary layer dispersion by two Lagrangian particle models (according to Thomson's 1984 and 1987 papers) are compared. First, the sensitivity of the two models in accounting for the third-order moment of vertical wind speed fluctuations has been assessed, considering homogeneous non-Gaussian turbulence. Then, the ability of the two models to simulate the ...
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Model evaluation of the Austrian Gaussian plume model ON M 9440: comparison with the Kincaid dataset
The Austrian Gaussian plume model ON M 9440 is evaluated with the Kincaid dataset using the workshop model validation kit. Results are shown for different meteorological options. Mean model concentrations compare well with or overestimate measured data, depending on the choice of these options.Keywords: Gaussian plume model, Kincaid data, model evaluation, plume rise, atmospheric dispersion ...
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A puff-particle dispersion model
A meso-scale puff diffusion model is presented which makes use of the concept of relative diffusion to disperse the puffs and moves their centres of mass by incorporating a Lagrangian stochastic dispersion model as it is normally used to describe particle dispersion. The so-called puff-particle model (PPM) retains the advantages of traditional puff models and at the same time is able to take into ...
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The Third Workshop's environmental impact assessment model intercomparison exercise
Twelve European modelling teams calculated the impact of a 600 MW power plant, using one of their national regulatory transport and dispersion models. They were asked to report the model results in a uniform way and to provide detailed information on the meteorological data and on the model used. Three modelling teams, from Greece, Germany and Belgium, used the same meteorological dataset. The ...
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The main principles of atmospheric diffusion modelling for regulatory purposes in Russia
This paper discusses the main principles of atmospheric diffusion modelling for regulatory purposes in Russia. They include the choice of air quality criteria, the development of universal models to calculate on a single base the dispersion of atmospheric pollutants from different types of source under unfavourable meteorological and topographical conditions, as well as experimental verification ...
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The Netherlands National Model for short-range dispersion of air pollutants
The tool for dispersion calculations in The Netherlands originated from a consensus process among experts from licensing authorities, industry and science. This paper describes its characteristics and applications in the light of its history and future.Keywords: air pollution, consensus, atmospheric dispersion model, frequency distribution, Netherlands National Model, short range dispersion, ...
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Methodology for a comparative evaluation of two air-quality models
This paper presents a methodology for conducting an objective comparative evaluation of two air-quality models using several datasets. This methodology is designed to be simple to implement and understand, to reliably discern improvement in performance, and to accommodate the use of datasets from a variety of field studies of varying quality. The reliability of the comparison is enhanced by the ...
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Lagrangian particle model LAMBDA: evaluation against tracer data
The capabilities of the Lagrangian particle model LAMBDA in simulating tracer dispersion are shown. Two different datasets of experimental campaigns proposed in the Manno Workshop (Copenhagen and Lillestrom) are used to compare measured and calculated concentrations. LAMBDA, which is based on the Langevin equation, can use as input higher moments (like skewness and cross-correlations) of the ...
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Comparison of predictions of the Hybrid Plume Dispersion Model with observations at the Kincaid power plant
The Hybrid Plume Dispersion Model (HPDM) has been evaluated with observations from a field experiment at the Kincaid power plant. HPDM is a dispersion model for buoyant plumes that employs parameterisations of boundary-layer wind, temperature, and turbulence profiles and Lagrangian time-scales. The model accounts for the bimodal distribution of turbulent velocities in the convective boundary ...
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Operational short-range analytical air pollution modelling
Operational models that use solutions of the advection-diffusion equation based on more realistic assumptions than that of homogeneous wind and eddy diffusivity coefficients are presented. In particular, these solutions accept that wind and eddy diffusivity profiles are power functions of the height. Moreover, a practical short-range model evaluating ground-level concentrations from elevated ...
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Atmospheric dispersion methods in environmental impact assessment in Flanders
This paper presents a survey of the experiences in Flanders during the first five years of implementing environmental impact assessment (EIA) as specified by the European Directive 85/337/EEC and the Flemish Orders of 23 March 1989. The current EIA procedure is presented in general, and an indication is given of the number of impact assessments carried out to date. A typical methodology ...
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An overview of the REDIPHEM project
The Commission of the European Communities has been funding research projects to develop an understanding of chemical and physical phenomena related to industrial hazards, such as toxic and flammable releases and explosions. These projects result in predictive models and experimental data. To make these models and data available for a wider community and to judge their areas of application, the ...
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Atmospheric dispersion modelling for regulatory purposes in the United Kingdom
Short-range atmospheric dispersion models are used to assess the environmental impact of airborne pollutants from industrial plants. The results are of interest to a range of specialist and non-specialist groups, including regulators, operators, environmental organisations, and local residents. In order that these groups can be well-informed, it is important to develop clear and consistent ...
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Evaluation of the Gaussian puff model based on measurements
Concentrations calculated with the Gaussian puff model have been compared with measurements obtained from the dispersion experiments conducted at Lillestrom, Copenhagen, and Kincaid. The following dispersion parameters were used in the Gaussian puff model: Pasquill-Gifford, Briggs, Brookhaven and OML. Comparisons of the calculated and measured values of the concentrations have been carried out ...
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The plume model MODIS: integration in the Hydro-Quebec shell
The comprehensive numerical model MODIS for the simulation of pollutant dispersion from a point source is integrated in the graphical shell of Hydro-Quebec. The shell has been developed by Hydro-Quebec to offer a valuable scheme for various applications of software products, which were originally conceived only for scientific purposes. MODIS, developed by the GKSS Research Centre Geesthacht and ...
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A meteorological database for next-generation dispersion models, and a Lagrangian particle model based on kinematic simulation theory
The database system supports small to regional scale air pollution analysis and dispersion modelling. It provides a three-dimensional and time dependent description of relevant meteorological scalar and vector quantities, and also trajectories and meteorological input data for commonly used dispersion models for local and regional applications. The data are visualized on a standard PC with ...
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An operational dispersion model for predicting pollution from a road
We present here a mathematical model for predicting dispersion of pollution from a road, for use in a regulatory context. The model includes an emission model, treatment of the meteorological time series, a dispersion model, statistical analysis of the computed time series of concentrations and a graphical Windows-based user interface. The dispersion model is based on a partly analytic solution ...
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