Distributed Temperature Articles on Environmental XPRT

Application of temperature-distribution models to evaluate the energy and exergy of stratified thermal storages

Vertical stratification occurs in many thermal energy storages, and is often promoted to increase efficiency. Six temperature-distribution models for vertically stratified Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems are described and applied for determining their energy and exergy efficiencies. The models are Linear, Stepped, Continuous-linear, Basic Three-zone, General Three-zone and General-linear. ...

May 11, 2006

By Inderscience Publishers

Early warning system to forecast maximum temperature in drinking water distribution systems

Climate change poses new challenges in preventing the exceedance of the maximum allowed temperature in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS). The objective of this article is to evaluate the feasibility of forecasting the maximum temperature in the DWDS. Two options were analysed: (1) using the records of the last day as forecast for the coming 2 days and (2) using 2-day weather forecast ...

Aug. 6, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Nitrogen removal and functional bacteria distribution of ANAMMOX at ambient temperature

In this study, an up-flow anaerobic biofilter (AF) was operated to investigate the efficiency of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) in treating low strength ammonia (46.5 mg/L) at ambient temperatures (20.3–23.2 °C). Microbial compositions and functional populations of the upper (140–190 cm), middle (40–140 cm), and lower (0–40 cm) parts of the biofilter were monitored using scanning ...

Jan. 27, 2016

By IWA Publishing

How do Memmert ovens and incubators ensure optimum temperature distribution?

The German manufactured Memmert range of ovens and incubators are known for their high quality materials, state of the ...

Aug. 2, 2015

By Camlab Limited

Flow Profiling on Demand – Illuminating the reservoir with Silixa’s intelligent Distributed Acoustic Sensor (iDAS) and ULTIMA Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS)

As energy demands increase rapidly, the goal of energy companies is to maximize ultimate recovery in an economically sound manner. One critical capability is the accurate measurement and monitoring of production from individual layers / perforated intervals in a multi-zone completion. This data allows operators to optimize zonal production, improve recovery, increase production per well and ...

Mar. 22, 2013

By Silixa Ltd

Experimental study on the effect of temperature and flux conditions on moisture distribution in vadose zone soil

Moisture distribution in vadose zone soil is the most important parameter for land productivity and vegetation status of ecological systems, and is sensitive to temperature variation. In this study, laboratory scale tests were conducted to determine the effect of temperature on variation in moisture distribution in covered and uncovered conditions. The results indicated that soil moisture from ...

Dec. 9, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Longitudinal Smoke Temperature Distribution Upstream and Downstream from the Fire in a Road Tunnel

Four full-scale tests are conducted in a real road tunnel, with ceiling jet temperature distributions measured 200 m upstream and downstream from the fire. Two sizes of pool fires, 1.8 and 3.2 MW, with two different fire surface heights, 0.2 and 1.7 m from the floor level, are considered. Longitudinal ventilation velocities are also varied. The experimental data obtained in these four tunnel fire ...

Jan. 2, 2007

By SAGE Publications

Searching for storm water inflows in foul sewers using fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing

A major drawback of separate sewer systems is the occurrence of illicit connections: unintended sewer cross-connections that connect foul water outlets from residential or industrial premises to the storm water system and/or storm water outlets to the foul sewer system. The amount of unwanted storm water in foul sewer systems can be significant, resulting in a number of detrimental effects on ...

Nov. 1, 2013

By IWA Publishing

Modelling extreme temperatures in Ireland under global warming using a hybrid peak–over–threshold and generalised Pareto distribution approach

In the present paper, modelling extreme temperature to assess risk of global warming in Ireland is addressed. The approach used is a combination of peak–over–threshold (POT) - generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) in which the parameter of distribution is allowed to vary with a dominant feature of climate at the location. The dominant climatic feature at a location is approximated by climatic ...

Feb. 12, 2015

By Inderscience Publishers

Assessment of detection limits of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing for detection of illicit connections

Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) with fiber-optic cables is a powerful tool to detect illicit connections in storm sewer systems. High-frequency temperature measurements along the in-sewer cable create a detailed representation of temperature anomalies due to illicit discharges. The detection limits of the monitoring equipment itself are well-known, but there is little information available ...

Jun. 21, 2013

By IWA Publishing

Spatial and temporal distribution of snow water content and response to air temperature in seasonal snow in the western Tianshan Mountains, China

The snow water content was measured with a portable instrument (Snow Fork) in the Tianshan Station for Snow-cover and Avalanche, Chinese Academy of Sciences (TS) during the snow period in the winter of 2009–2010. The results indicated that the variation of snow water content increases exponentially over time. In the accumulation-stable period, the migration of liquid water is from the ...

Oct. 5, 2012

By IWA Publishing

Distributed Thermal-Acoustic Data Integration

Silixa has developed a technique called Distributed Thermal Acoustics (DTA) to monitor simultaneously the thermal and acoustic profile along a hybrid optical fibre cable in submarine environments. Using its world leading distributed fibre optic technology (ULTIMATM DTS and iDASTM) Silixa deployed an optical fibre cable along the seabed and across the water column in an active gas seepage ...

Aug. 2, 2013

By Silixa Ltd

Determination of distribution coefficient: a critical review

Geomaterials (soils and rocks) exhibit peculiar physical, chemical, mineralogical and biological properties, which influence their interaction with the contaminant(s) to a great extent. This interaction can be quantified by employing a parameter 'Distribution coefficient', kd, which plays an important role for determining sorption and desorption characteristics of the ...

Jul. 2, 2014

By Inderscience Publishers

Distributed Measurements Unlock the Future of Design

The next generations of materials and design will require sensing technologies that can monitor beyond the scope of point sensors such as thermocouples and strain gauges. New sensing platforms based on optical fibers can obtain spatially continuous, real time data, giving developers detailed insight across broad areas into how their materials and designs behave. Such systems also can sense ...

Oct. 18, 2016

By Sensuron

Distribution of organic carbon in soil profile data

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content has been estimated at pan-European scale for the soil layer from 0 to a depth of 30 cm (Jones et al., 2005). The methodology used to generate the data layer relied on a combination of a pedo-transfer rule (PTR) and pedo-transfer functions (PTF). The PTR has been developed based on PTR No. 21 of the PTR database of the Soil Geographic Database of Eurasia (SGDBE). ...

Sep. 21, 2009

Application of unidirectional flushing in water distribution pipes

In this study unidirectional flushing (UDF) was conducted to improve the effectiveness of deposit removal from internal pipe walls and to provide information on pipe networks to enable operators to implement flushing in field. Four ductile cast iron pipes with epoxy-lined and cement-lined were selected for the practice of UDF. Water pressure was measured using a data logger equipped with a ...

Feb. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Project Renew: A Regional Approach to the Distribution of Reclaimed Water

ABSTRACTThe Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC) has been granted a 20-year permit to use the Floridan aquifer as a source of potable water. In addition to providing for the continued use of groundwater, the permit also requires that OUC make use of alternative water supplies. One of the most innovative of the alternative water supply projects is referred to as project RENEW. The OUC Consumptive ...

Oct. 22, 2006

By Water Environment Federation (WEF)

Temperature evolution of an experimental salt-gradient solar pond

A salt-gradient solar pond is a low-cost, large-scale solar collector with integrated storage that can be used as a source of energy in low-grade-heat thermal desalination systems. This work presents the thermal evolution of an experimental solar pond for both the maturation and heat extraction time periods. The temperature profile was measured every 1.1 cm using a vertical high-resolution ...

Dec. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

Temperature Correction Study for HR(PA) Membrane

Introduction Flow rate testing was performed on MS19 and MS12 elements (217 and 219 elements, 26 mil-spacer) to establish a temperature correction curve for current HR(PA) membranes. The results obtained were evaluated against the existing Osmonics® correction curve and other manufacturers’ information. Salt passage characteristics and the effect of elevated temperature on membrane performance ...

Jan. 1, 1996

By GE Water & Process Technologies

The role of atmospheric circulation in air pollution distribution in Katowice Region (Southern Poland)

The Katowice Region is the most urbanised and industrialised region in Poland. Local meteorological and circulation conditions significantly influence the pollution level. The study has integrated measurement results of temperature and selected air pollution indices (PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, O3, CO) with the calendar of synoptic circulation types by Niedzwiedz. Because the highest values of ...

Jun. 29, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers

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