domestic water supply Articles
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Demand for domestic water from an innovative borehole system in rural Ghana: stated and revealed preference approaches
This study investigates demand for domestic water supply from an innovative borehole system using the contingent valuation method (CVM). We further estimate demand for current service of domestic water supply in residences using the hedonic pricing method (HPM). This is achieved through a survey from rural districts of the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Interval regression and ordinary least ...
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Status of free-living amoebae (
Acanthamoeba spp.,Naegleria fowleri ,Balamuthia mandrillaris ) in drinking water supplies in Karachi, PakistanThe ability of pathogenic free-living amoebae to produce infections is a growing concern. In this study, we investigated the presence of free-living amoebae (Acanthamoeba spp., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris) in drinking water supplies in Karachi, Pakistan. Fifty-two domestic tap water samples were examined. Amoebae were identified by morphological characteristics and polymerase ...
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Identification of River Sections for Domestic Water Supply along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China
This paper presents major findings from a recent study aiming to systematically determine suitable river sections for local domestic water supply along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China. On the basis of analysis on the current riverbank utilization and bank stability, accessible and stable river sections in the region were selected. The water quality in these river sections was then ...
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The impact of climate variability and change on cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis rates in New Zealand
Aim: To investigate the spatial relationship between climate variability and cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis notifications in New Zealand between 1997 and 2006.Methods: Negative binomial regression was used to analyse spatial relationships between cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis notifications in New Zealand between 1997 and 2006, and climatological average rainfall and temperature at the Census ...
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Detection of human enteric viruses in Umgeni River, Durban, South Africa
The prevalence of adenovirus (AdV), rotaviruses (RV) and enteroviruses (EV) in Umgeni River waters of Durban, South Africa was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively during April 2011 to January 2012 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nested PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR), as well as nested integrated cell culture PCR (nested ...
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Urban resilient integrated water management pathways, to achieve sustainable water resources development in Chennai metropolitan city, Tamil Nadu, India
Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu State, India is the fourth most populous metropolitan city in the nation, and the world's 36th largest metropolitan area. This city is facing acute water scarcity since it depends mainly on the North East monsoon (October-December) rain. As per the WHO norm of domestic water supply along with 20% of domestic use for industrial purpose, Chennai needs 807 ...
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Effect of first flush on storage-reliability-yield of rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) entails capture of rainwater falling on a roof and conveyance to a storage tank for later use as domestic water supply. During dry weather, dust and pollutants accumulate on the roof surface and are subsequently washed off with the ‘first flush’ at the beginning of the next rain. Diverting the first flush can improve the quality of stored water but at the cost of ...
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Identification of Naegleria fowleri in warm ground water aquifers
Received for publication February 16, 2009. The free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri was identified as the etiological agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis that caused the deaths of two children in Peoria, Arizona, in autumn of 2002. It was suspected that the source of N. fowleri was the domestic water supply, which originates from ground water sources. In this study, ground water from ...
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Radon distribution in groundwater of Taiwan
Radon levels were surveyed in 517 monitoring wells constructed in five major groundwater areas of Taiwan. The radon concentration in groundwater samples varied in a wide range from below the detection limit of 18 pCi/L up to 1,100 pCi/L. A worldwide comparison of reported groundwater radon levels was conducted. Overall radon levels in Taiwan groundwater are relatively low compared to other ...
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Environmental Engineering case study
USX Corporation, Fairless Hill, Bucks County Evaluated hydraulics of water distribution system and its capability to meet very high fire flow requirements for Industrial Park. Assisted with presentation and discussion with Falls Township. Upper Makefield Township, The Arbors Reviewed and approved design of water supply system for new age-restricted development, as an addition to the ...
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A participatory decision making process for community-level water supply
This paper describes outcomes of a 3-year participatory action research project which involved community-level decision making to choose between various technologies to supply domestic water to a tribal village. Six technology alternatives were considered, which were ranked by adopting the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). At each stage, starting from project identification to project ...
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Use of CFD Modelling to Optimise the Design of Upper-room UVGI Disinfection Systems for Ventilated Rooms
AbstractThe installation of upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) devices in ventilated rooms has the potential to reduce transmission of infections by an airborne route. However, the performance of such devices is dependant on several factors including the location of the lamp and the ventilation airflow in the room. This study uses a CFD model to evaluate the performance of UVGI ...
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Oysters act as a natural seawater filtration system
Environmental educators in Pensacola are acquainting kids with water filtration in a new, hands-on way. Instead of a class turtle, these students are raising baby oysters. This program is sponsored by the Pensacola Bay Oyster Company and supports a local nonprofit, the Bream Fisherman Association, in its efforts to educate a new generation on marine wildlife preservation. Students contribute to ...
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Radiation treatment of polluted water and wastewater
“Over 70 per cent of the Earth's surface is covered with water, but less than 3 per cent of that is freshwater — most of it locked up in glaciers, ice caps, the atmosphere and deep groundwater reservoirs.Just 13 per cent of the globe's total fresh water is readily available to meet human needs. In themeantime, worldwide demand for water is doubling every 21 years, according to the FAO. ...
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Comparative use of artificial neural networks for the quality assessment of the water reservoirs of Athens
Neural networks are powerful tools that could explore the basic structure of environmental data. In this work, the most common artificial neural network (ANN) architectures, multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), radial basis function (RBF) and Kohonen's self-organizing maps (SOM), are applied in order to assess the quality of the water reservoirs used for the domestic and industrial water ...
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Willingness to pay for the water supply service in Cape Verde – how far can it go?
Cape Verde is an African country where consumers pay one of the highest tariffs for water supply services in the world. However, the current levels of service coverage and quality are still far from adequate, as acknowledged by local authorities and international agencies. Thus, an assessment of how much Cape Verdean households are willing to pay (WTP) for service improvements is a ...
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How are Green Buildings Built? A Closer Look at a Modern Marvel
Green building refers to an environment friendly structure which is built in such a manner that it continues to be environmentally responsible and resource efficient throughout its life. When we say throughout its life, it includes everything right from an eco-friendly design to the use of material which will make sure that the environment is not harmed even when the structure in question is ...
By Camfil Ltd
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Assessment of domestic consumption in intermittent water supply networks: case study of Puerto Ayora (Galápagos Islands)
Intermittent water distribution systems are a stark reality in developing countries. Puerto Ayora, the centre of tourism of the Galápagos Archipelago, is not an exception, with its population and tourists suffering from scarce water resources. However, the extreme per capita consumptions, well above those in 24/7 supply situations in many other countries, contradict the (sense of) scarcity. ...
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Opportunities and barriers in scaling up of 24/7 urban water supply: the case of Karnataka, India
Scaling up pilot projects providing continuous water supply to households in Indian cities has proved challenging. This study identifies opportunities and barriers in scaling up, in order to derive recommendations for bridging the gap between testing policy innovations and bringing projects to scale. We analyse pilot design, required resources, and drivers of stakeholders, institutions and ...
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Why do Islands Depend on Reliable Water Desalination Technology?
A response is begged by this question. The reality is, for many island nations, fresh water is not just around the corner. In fact, it’s often miles away… beneath the ocean surface or within a deep saline aquifer. Freshwater scarcity has become their #1 challenge… This might seem like an overwhelming problem to solve. But this is what separates islands that merely survive ...
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