drinking water analysis Articles
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Drinking Water Analysis Guide
Public Water Systems (PWS), regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), provide drinking water to 90% of Americans. Water systems and laboratories testing drinking water for Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) compliance must be certified and must use USEPA approved methods, which are developed by the USEPA, other government agencies, universities, consensus method ...
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Analysis of Epichlorohydrin in Drinking Water by Purge and Trap GC/MS
Abstract Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is a versatile starting material in the production of drugs and polymers. It is also used as an insect fumigant and a solvent for organic synthesis reactions. ECH-based polymer pipes are widely employed in the production of drinking water. Due to its extreme reactivity and toxicity, many foreign nations have begun imposing limits on the amount of ECH allowable in ...
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Decentralisation, HRD and production efficiency of water utilities: evidence from India
Decentralisation of water supplies in developing countries is being promoted by international aid agencies. It is argued that decentralisation by a government close to the people will generate better project performance. This article compares the performance of piped water supply schemes run by the state governments and local government in central India and finds that the latter are running less ...
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Nitrate Analysis of Water Samples Using a Benchtop UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
Nitrogen is naturally found in groundwater and surface water in the form of nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium. The EPA has established a maximum contaminant level of nitrate-nitrogen in potable water of 10ppm. This application presents results of UV-Vis analysis of nitrate concentrations in drinking water, ground water, and industrial wastewater, showing that the manual colorimetric method is ...
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Analysis of Epichlorohydrin in Drinking Water Using the Lumin P & T Concentrator
Abstract Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is a versatile starting material in the production of drugs and polymers and is also used as an insect fumigant and solvent for organic synthesis reactions. ECH-based polymer pipes are widely employed in the production of drinking water. Due to its extreme reactivity and toxicity, many nations have begun imposing limits on the amount of ECH allowable in drinking ...
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Why is Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) a useful parameter for drinking water analysis?
Ask the Expert: COD Analysis for Drinking Water Question: Why is Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) a useful parameter for drinking water analysis? Answer: At very basic level Chemical Oxygen Demand or “COD” allows us to understand the oxidation potential of an organic molecule… so what does this mean? Well, consider when wood burns in a fire pit; the wood (in this case the ...
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Low-level Drinking Water Analysis of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane by Purge and Trap Concentration and GC/MS
Abstract 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP) is a common industrial solvent with applications as a paint and varnish remover, degreasing agent, and an intermediate in pesticides. The California Department of Public Health recognizes TCP as a carcinogen with a notification level of 0.005 µg/L in drinking water.1 For low level drinking water analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the USEPA ...
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EPA Requests Comments on Revocation of Chlorpyrifos Tolerances
On October 30, 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that it is requesting comments on a proposal to revoke all tolerances for the insecticide chlorpyrifos. EPA issued this proposal in response to an August 10, 2015, writ of mandamus by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The court granted this unusual relief in response to a 2007 administrative petition to ...
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Analysis of 1,4-Dioxane in Drinking Water Using the Teledyne Tekmar Lumin P & T Concentrator, AQUATek LVA and Agilent 7890B GC/5977A MSD
Abstract Drinking water analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is normally performed by purge and trap (P&T) concentration, using standard US EPA methods. This application manipulates P&T and Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) parameters to create an efficient method in order to detect 1,4-Dioxane at the part-per-billion level (ppb), despite its poor purge efficiency. This ...
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TOC Analysis of Bottled Water Using the Fusion UV/Persulfate TOC Analyzer
Abstract This application note demonstrates the Teledyne Tekmar Fusion UV/Persulfate analyzer’s ability to measure low levels of TOC in five popular bottled water brands. Bottled water samples varied in source and purification methods including: two natural aquifers, one vapor distilled, one reverse osmosis, and one two-stage microfiltration/UV light disinfection. All results had a 10% ...
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Analysis of PFAS Specified in EPA Method 537 and Beyond using Shimadzu UFMS
This application note demonstrates the use, performance, and compatibility of Shimadzu ultra-fast mass spectrometry for EPA Method 537 with an expanded compound panel of seven additional PFAS. A total of 27 PFAS were extracted, separated and detected with triple quadrupole mass spectrometers, LCMS-8045 and LCMS-8050. Recoveries of 86-106% (LCMS-8050) and 77-104% (LCMS-8045) were well within the ...
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Regulatory impacts on sustainable drinking water supply: a comparative study on Dutch water companies
Regulatory changes have exerted deep impacts on public service provision. This paper aims to disentangle recent differences in the external production circumstances of Dutch regional water companies in order to identify the crucial regulatory factors influencing the supply of water to various users in the distribution area of the water company concerned. The analysis is carried out for various ...
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Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) – An Emerging Challenge
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of chemicals that were used for decades in numerous industrial applications (e.g., fire-fighting and metal plating foams, aviation hydraulic fluid) and consumer goods (e.g., stain repellent for clothes, furniture and carpets, and non-stick coatings). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), both ...
By SiREM
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Spatial analysis of rural drinking water supply in China
A spatial autocorrelation analysis method was employed to process the spatial change of rural water supply over the past 19 years in the People's Republic of China. Statistical analyses indicate great achievements in rural water supply construction. Two main indices describing rural drinking water supply status, the Rural Popularization Rate of Tap Water and the Rural Popularization Rate ...
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Sensaguard Online Water Monitoring - Case Study
Clean water is an increasingly scarce, essential resource nowadays and the demand for it is growing continuously. Though drinking water is checked regularly, the analysis is limited to the water quality at the time of analysis and the specific substances being tested for. Moreover, the threats of contamination and contaminated sites are growing steadily as more and more unknown and new ...
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Nanotechnology Provides Alternative Method to Dichromate Based COD Analysis
Nanotechnologies hold a lot of promise for improving the world and offering revolutionary advancements over traditional technologies that have not changed for decades, including for water quality analysis. Laboratory staff have known for a long time about the potential negative health impacts associated with Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) testing using the traditional dichromate method, however ...
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Quantitative microbial risk assessment of drinking water treated with advanced water treatment process
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the major causes of waterborne disease in Japan. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was conducted to evaluate the health risk caused by this pathogen in drinking water treated with a supposed advanced treatment process including ozonation and granular activated carbon adsorption. Coagulation-sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, ozonation, and ...
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Disinfection by-products in drinking water – a case study on Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been monitored in Calgary's drinking water for approximately 15 years. The variability of the DBPs has typically exhibited similar patterns over the period of monitoring. Due to the nature of the surface waters supplying the water treatment plants, the level of DBPs was largely influenced by surface runoff events where the level of natural organic matter (NOM) ...
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Determination of Bisphenol A in Drinking Water
A comprehensive sample preparation and analytical procedure was developed for determining BPA in drinking water. This fast procedure employed materials and techniques selected in part for speed, but also those that would not contribute unwanted artifacts. The use of SPE allowed BPA to be extracted plus concentrated, which may result in greater method sensitivity compared to simple headspace or ...
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Life cycle assessment of drinking water installations: existing studies and analysis of discrepancies
This paper gives an overview of existing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of drinking water installations in Europe. The characteristics and results of the two most widely known and used studies, the VENOB study and the CREM study, are described in detail. Readers get a thorough understanding of the key issues and parameters of life cycle studies in this field. As the study results diverge ...
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