drinking water disinfection Articles
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Chemically modified chitosan polymers for bromate removal
Bromate is a harmful byproduct formed during drinking water disinfection processes. In this work, adsorption of bromate by natural chitosan and its chemically modified polymers has been investigated. Bromate adsorption was found between 22.73 mg/g and 43.48 mg/g. Adsorbents were analysed by Fourier transform infrared-ATR spectroscopy. It is suggested that chemical adsorption is the main ...
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Assessment of correlation between physiological states of
Escherichia coli cells and their susceptibility to chlorine using flow cytometryThe physiological differences of individual cells of bacterial population may imply the existence of cell subpopulations with different sensitivity to chlorine, which may affect the efficiency of drinking water disinfection. The susceptibility of individual bacterial cells to chlorine was examined using flow cytometry. The inactivation of Escherichia coli cells by chlorine in the populations ...
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Genotoxicity and effects of nanosilver contamination in drinking water disinfection
This study was conducted to examine the genotoxicity and the influence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) contamination when drinking water is exposed to five different disinfection treatments: chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, ozone/chlorine and ozone/chlorine dioxide. Experiments were conducted with water samples of different chemical composition, from three water supply systems in Croatia. ...
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A computational fluid dynamics analysis of placing UV reactors in series
Ultraviolet (UV) light water treatment reactors are commonly used in both wastewater and drinking water disinfection. UV technology can effectively inactivate a large number of pathogens at low UV doses, however adenovirus requires a substantially higher dose than most pathogens of interest. In order to meet adenovirus inactivation requirements, UV reactors are often placed in series and the ...
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Aging evaluation of medium-pressure mercury lamps under typical operating conditions for drinking water disinfection applications
Little is known regarding how medium pressure (MP) ultraviolet (UV) lamps age under typical operating conditions, yet a number of assumptions regarding lamp aging are utilized when UV reactors are validated, often as unfounded approximations. This study was designed to evaluate the aging of MP UV lamps utilized with a closed-vessel UV reactor technology for drinking water disinfection ...
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New DWI guidelines for UV drinking water disinfection
atg UV, has seen increasing interest in the application of UV systems for the treatment of drinking water applications since the UK Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) released their ‘Guidance on the use of Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation for the Disinfection of Public Water Supplies' February 2010. With systems treating in excess of 2000 m3/hr daily, Ultraviolet disinfection is no longer an ...
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Investigating the performance of a UV/H2O2 integrated flow-through system followed by free chlorine
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is an emerging technique for drinking water disinfection due to effective removal of enteric pathogens without generation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). In order to overcome the drawback of UV irradiation the integration of UV disinfection with sequential disinfectant was proposed. Among all the possible combinations and sequences, a UV/H2O2-Cl2 integrated ...
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Formation characteristics of haloacetic acids from phenols in drinking water chlorination
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are typical chlorination disinfection by-products in drinking water. Apart from natural organic matter, synthetic organic compounds in raw water contribute to HAAs due to their high frequency of detection in raw water and high reactive activities with chlorine. Formation characteristics of HAAs from synthetic organic compounds were investigated using seven phenols as ...
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The effect of chlorine and combined chlorine/UV treatment on coliphages in drinking water disinfection
Chlorine disinfection is a globally used method to ensure the safety of drinking water. However, it has not always been successful against viruses and, therefore, it is important to find new methods to disinfect water. Seventeen different coliphages were isolated from the treated municipal wastewater. These coliphages and MS2 were treated with different dosages of chlorine in drinking water, ...
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Developmental effects and genotoxicity of 10 water disinfection by-products in zebrafish
Disinfection by-products are contaminants produced during drinking water disinfection. Several DBPs have been implicated in a variety of toxic effects, mainly carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. Moreover, DBPs exposure has also been associated with an increased risk of developmental effects. In this study, the developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of 10 DBPs (four trihalomethanes [THMs], five ...
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Comparing electrochemical disinfection with chlorination for inactivation of bacterial spores in drinking water
Drinking water disinfection techniques without the dosage of chemicals are regarded as more advantageous in terms of costs and practical use. Here we investigated the efficacy of electrochemical disinfection for inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores – a model microorganism of highly resistant pathogens. The effect of electrochemical disinfection with TinO2n−1 ceramic electrodes ...
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United States EPA Method 415.3
Abstract In order to ensure drinking water is safe for human consumption, water treatment plants often add disinfectants to drinking water. The disinfectants, such as chlorine, protect drinking water from pathogens, disease causing organisms, but can react with naturally occurring materials in the water to form byproducts that may be harmful for consumption. The United States Environmental ...
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Preparation and surface modification of hollow fibre membranes for drinking water disinfection and water reclamation
Polysulphone hollow fibres were spun according to phase inversion process under different conditions by extrusion of dimethylformamide solution of the polymer through double orifice spinneret using water or water-DMF mixture as gelation medium. The membrane surface was modified by in situ interfacial polymerisation of m-phenylenediamine with trimesoyl chloride. The nominal molecular weight ...
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Competitive removal of DOM and bromide in raw waters by MIEX and iron coagulation
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bromide as principal precursors to halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have potential risks on the safety of drinking water after disinfection. Removal of DOM and bromide in raw water from two different waterworks using magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX), ferric coagulation and their combination was investigated. Results showed that as MIEX dose ...
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Catalytic Carbons Help Remove Chloramine
Untitled Document Summary: Where chlorine creates high levels of trihalomethanes (THMs), chloramine can be an alternative for disinfecting drinking water. Removing it at the point of use (POU), however, can be more difficult than removing chlorine. When your job requires chloramine removal, you may consider using catalytic activated carbons. To view ...
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ClorTec™ On-site Disinfection Helps Ensure Safety at British Columbia Water Treatment Facility
Constructed in 1997, the District of Chetwynd Water Treatment Plant (British Columbia, Canada) treats nearly 2,500 cubic meters of water per day using gas chlorination as its primary form of drinking water disinfection. With recent concerns about the safety of chlorine gas, including potential eye, skin and respiratory irritation and the risk of death with high exposure, the district elected to ...
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40 years on: what do we know about drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) and human health?
2014 marks the 40th anniversary of the seminal discovery by Johannes Rook, in 1974, that trihalomethanes (THMs) were formed by the chlorination of natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water. Since this discovery, which revolutionized how we viewed drinking water safety and quality, hundreds of other classes of disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been discovered. The finding in 1976 by the ...
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Drinking water treatment technologies in Europe: state of the art – challenges – research needs
Eureau is the European Federation of National Associations of Water and Wastewater Services. At the request of Eureau Commission 1, dealing with drinking water, a survey was produced focusing on raw drinking water sources and drinking water treatment technologies applied in Europe. Raw water sources concerned groundwater, surface water, surface water with artificial recharge and river bank ...
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A comparison of the Eulerian and particle tracking approaches for prediction of ozone contactor performance
The Eulerian and particle tracking approaches, two commonly utilized numerical methods, were evaluated for modelling drinking water ozone disinfection systems. The Eulerian approach predicts disinfection performance by solving an advection-diffusion equation. Alternatively, the particle tracking (Lagrangian) approach calculates disinfection efficiency by numerically introducing particles into the ...
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Rostock Water Works, Rostock, Germany: Drinking Water Ozone Plant
Ozone is the ideal agent for treating and disinfecting drinking water. The advantages of ozone and the improvement in the quality of the water after ozonation are evident at the Rostock Drinking Water Works following its modernisation. By specifying the new Advanced Technology from Ozonia, the Rostock Water Supply Company became the first user in Germany of high-tech ozone generation equipment ...
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