drinking water safety Articles
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Forum: Safe guard our drinking water
For health reason, some physicians have suggested that a person should drink water on the average of seven glasses a day. This raises issues which include where can we can get water and is water readily available throughout the world. These questions involve sources of water and water quantity and quality.Keywords: drinking water, water safety, water security, water quality, water sources, water ...
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Incorporation of the Multiple Barrier Approach in drinking water risk assessment tools
A number of existing risk assessment tools make reference to, or incorporate, a Multiple Barrier Approach to drinking water safety. Three waterborne disease outbreaks that occurred in developed nations were used as case studies to test a selected set of risk assessment tools. The outbreaks were used to determine how well the risk assessment tools identify hazards and vulnerabilities associated ...
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An evaluation of sampling methods and supporting techniques for tackling lead in drinking water in Alberta Province
A demonstration project evaluated a range of sampling methods and supporting techniques for tackling lead in drinking water in Alberta Province, with the cities of Calgary and Edmonton as case studies. The sampling protocols specified by Health Canada in their 2009 guidance were confirmed to need further improvement and clarification; these sampling protocols produce results that are subject ...
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Empowering rural communities: simple Water Safety Plans
Every year 2800 deaths in Pacific island countries result from diarrhoea, and most are children under five years of age. These tragic diarrheal deaths are preventable as they are often linked to unsafe water, lack of proper sanitation facilities and poor hygienic practices. Effective preventive management through the framework of a drinking Water Safety Plan (WSP) is an efficient mechanism for ...
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Evolution of regulatory targets for drinking water quality
The last century has been marked by major advances in the understanding of microbial disease risks from water supplies and significant changes in expectations of drinking water safety. The focus of drinking water quality regulation has moved progressively from simple prevention of detectable waterborne outbreaks towards adoption of health-based targets that aim to reduce infection and disease ...
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A systematic literature review of the enabling environment elements to improve implementation of water safety plans in high-income countries
Effective risk management helps ensure safe drinking water and protect public health. Even in high-income countries, risk management sometimes fails and waterborne disease, including outbreaks, occur. To help reduce waterborne disease, the WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality recommend water safety plans (WSPs), a systematic preventive risk management strategy applied from catchment to ...
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Success or failure: demonstrating the effectiveness of a Water Safety Plan
The Water Safety Plan (WSP) concept has become a globally recognised and accepted approach to drinking water supply management and operation. Many countries around the world are adopting this proactive, risk-based model for ensuring consistent confidence in drinking water safety, accessibility and affordability. While it is widely accepted that the WSP concept is an appropriate tool for ensuring ...
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World Health Organization`s Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality
Access to safe drinking water is essential as a health and development issue at national, regional and local levels. The World Health Organization (WHO) developed WHO drinking water guidelines to formulate national standards and regulations to enforce water safety and support public health. The WHO conducts revisions on the guidelines and publishes them to incorporate new evidence obtained ...
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Systematic risk management approach of household drinking water from the source to point of use
The water safety plan (WSP) approach is being widely adopted as a systematic approach to improving the safety of drinking water. However, to date, the approach has not been widely used for improving the safety of drinking water in those settings where people have to collect water away from their home. Most rural areas in South Africa still consume unsafe water despite WSP implementation and ...
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Nonylphenol and octylphenol in riverine waters and surface sediments of the Pearl River Estuaries, South China: occurrence, ecological and human health risks
The temporal–spatial distribution and risks of nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) in the surface waters and sediments from the six major riverine runoff outlets of the Pearl River Estuaries (PRE) were investigated. NP and OP were detected in all samples. It is worth mentioning that the levels of NP and OP in July in waters ranged from 1,740 to 16,200 ng L−1, and from 1,265 to 15,700 ng ...
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Quantifying micro-organism removal for safe drinking water supplies
Over the past ten years the management of microbiological drinking water quality in The Netherlands has shifted from curative administration toward a more preventative strategy. This shift in policy came as a result of the findings of reports from other developed countries which highlighted the risk from persistent pathogens such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, some enteroviruses; and the pathogenic ...
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Experiences and lessons learned from practical implementation of a software-supported Water Safety Plan (WSP) approach
The Water Safety Plan (WSP) is considered the preferred approach to ensure drinking water safety by the World Health Organization (WHO). This approach ideally requires extensive scientific and technical input from a multidisciplinary team of experts. However, in small- and medium-sized municipalities in Austria, financial and personnel resources are usually of very limited availability. ...
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Icelandic experience with water safety plans
The aim of this study was to investigate accumulated experience with water safety plans in one of the first countries to adopt systematic preventive management for drinking-water safety. Water utilities in Iceland have had a legal obligation since 1995 to implement a systematic preventive approach to secure safety of drinking water and protect public health. The water utilities responded by ...
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Water Safety Plan demonstration projects in Latin America and the Caribbean: lessons from the field
A Water Safety Plan (WSP) is a preventive, risk management approach to ensure drinking water safety. This emerging methodology is being increasingly applied in both industrialized and lower income countries worldwide. In 2006, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other local, national, and international partners in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) initiated a series ...
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Evaluation of approaches for consumers to eliminate chlorine off-flavors from drinking water at point-of-use
Chlorine off-flavors of tap water have caused dissatisfaction and distrust from some consumers, placing pressure on operators concerning water disinfection. Evaluating practical approaches for eliminating chlorinous off-flavors by consumers at point-of-use while avoiding production of toxic byproducts is a practical concern. Three recognized dechlorination methods: ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, ...
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Data analytics methodology for monitoring quality sensors and events in the Barcelona drinking water network
Water quality management is a key area to guarantee drinking water safety to users. This task is based on disinfection techniques, such as chlorination, applied to the drinking water network to prevent the growth of microorganisms present in the water. The continuous monitoring of water quality parameters is fundamental to assess the sanitary conditions of the drinking water and to detect ...
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Scenario-based quantitative microbial risk assessment to evaluate the robustness of a drinking water treatment plant
While traditional application of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models usually stops at analyzing the microbial risk under typical operating conditions, this paper proposes the use of scenario-based risk assessment to predict the impact of potential challenges on the expected risk. This study used a QMRA model developed by Health Canada to compare 14 scenarios created to assess ...
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ICP Analysis of Multiple Elements in Drinking Water
The amount of water typically consumed by an adult is said to be about two liters per day, and nearly all of this is tap water or mineral water, generally referred to as "drinking water." Conducting safety inspections are the responsibility of each country according to their respective regulations. Typically, there are many target elements included in the test, such as sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), ...
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Measuring sporadic gastrointestinal illness associated with drinking water – an overview of methodologies
There is an increasing awareness that drinking water contributes to sporadic gastrointestinal illness (GI) in high income countries of the northern hemisphere. A literature search was conducted in order to review: (1) methods used for investigating the effects of public drinking water on GI; (2) evidence of possible dose–response relationship between sporadic GI and drinking water ...
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40 years on: what do we know about drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) and human health?
2014 marks the 40th anniversary of the seminal discovery by Johannes Rook, in 1974, that trihalomethanes (THMs) were formed by the chlorination of natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water. Since this discovery, which revolutionized how we viewed drinking water safety and quality, hundreds of other classes of disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been discovered. The finding in 1976 by the ...
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