ecotoxicity testing Articles

Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) or Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs), are derived in a large number of legal frameworks worldwide. When deriving these safe concentrations, it is necessary to evaluate the reliability and relevance of ecotoxicity studies. This evaluation is often subject to expert judgment, which may introduce bias and decrease consistency when risk assessors ...

Sep. 24, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The ecotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) to soil microorganisms was evaluated using the following microbial indicators: soil microbial biomass, respiration, nitrification, and Shannon index. Two soil types, udic ferrosols and aquic cambisols, were amended with 0 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, or 1000 mg/kg BaP; incubated at 25 °C; and tested on days 28, 60, and 180. The Shannon ...

Jul. 9, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Risk assessments from the European Union and the World Health Organization report values for acute and chronic toxicity of Cr(III) to Daphnia magna in the range of 0.6–111 mg/L and 0.047–3.4 mg/L, respectively. To understand whether factors other than the use of different test media and data reporting contribute to this variability, we tested the acute (48 h) and chronic (21 d) toxicities of ...

Jun. 18, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

At the beginning of January, I attended a three-day SETAC “summer-school” entitled ‘The synthesis, characterisation, ecotoxicity, and hazard and risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles’. The workshop was run in the School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences at Plymouth University. Attendees, from across Europe and even North and South America, represented a range of ...

Feb. 10, 2012

By WCA Environment Ltd.

Toxicity models in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) currently only characterize a small fraction of marketed substances. This is mainly due to limitations in the underlying ecotoxicity data. One approach to improve the current data situation in LCIA is to explore new data sources, such as the European database of the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals ...

Jun. 30, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are natural nanomaterials, biocompatible and available in large amounts at low prices. They are emerging nanomaterials with appealing perspectives for application like support for metal nanoparticles (NPs). Potential environmental impacts of NPs can be understood taking into consideration phytotoxicity. Current research focuses on HNTs application in cell or animal ...

Feb. 26, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

There is currently a variety of applications for multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), but considerable concerns exist regarding their release into the environment. Their potential accumulation by aquatic organisms could lead to a transfer throughout food chains. Considering the divergences in experimental data published on ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes, further research is required. The ...

Mar. 27, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Retention basin efficiency in micropollutant removal has not been very well studied, in particular for pollutants highlighted by the European Water Framework Directive of 2000 such as pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alkylphenols. This study is based on in situ experiments carried out on a stormwater retention basin with the aim of estimating the basin efficiency in ...

Mar. 13, 2014

By IWA Publishing

The toxicity and genotoxicity of untreated raw (RWW) and treated wastewaters (TWW) samples from Vilnius wastewater treatment plant was assessed using fish (rainbow trout) at different stages of development. The survival of larvae and fish exposed to RWW in short-term and longterm tests reduced, whereas gill ventilation frequency, heart rate and relative body mass increase of larvae decreased ...

Aug. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

Tank truck cleaning (TTC) activities generate highly complex wastewater. In a previous study, we found that a significant ecotoxic effect was still present in biologically treated TTC wastewater. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the removal of acute toxicity from TTC wastewater by a sequence of technologies routinely applied for industrial wastewater. Acute toxicity was ...

Nov. 29, 2013

By IWA Publishing

To meet the requirements of risk assessment legislature regarding the ecotoxicity of ionizing compounds, the present study attempts to establish easy, robust methods for testing ecotoxicity at various pH levels. An overview is given of the buffering methods in the literature. This is supplemented by a series of experiments where toxicity and ability to stabilize pH of eight common buffering ...

May 15, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A growth and reproduction test using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was recently standardized by the International Organization for Standardization. Performing the ISO 10872 protocol (2010) revealed some drawbacks when applied to soil or soil mixed with complex matrices. We propose some modifications to the current protocol in order to normalize the test conditions. An appropriate range ...

May 22, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

For many older pharmaceuticals, chronic aquatic toxicity data are limited. To assess risk during development, scale‐up and manufacturing processes, acute data and physicochemical properties need to be leveraged to reduce potential long‐term impacts to the environment. Aquatic toxicity data were pooled from daphnid, fish and algae studies for 102 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to ...

Sep. 25, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A set of 69 concentration‐response (CR) curves from five acute ecotoxicity assays was fitted with a two‐parameter logistic equation. High correlation between values of regression parameters suggested similar slopes of the curves. This enabled derivation of the empirical single‐parameter logistic equation with the sole EC50 parameter. Such equation might be useful for evaluation of ...

Jul. 23, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The use of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) in ecotoxicology has been consistently criticized for over 30 years. A search of the literature from the past 30 years found 22 articles challenging the validity and/or appropriateness of NOEC/LOEC data compared to only one in defense of such data. Notwithstanding this compelling weight of ...

Mar. 19, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The present study compares conventional wastewater treatment technologies (coagulation–flocculation and activated sludge) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) treatment for the removal of acute ecotoxicity from wastewater generated by tank truck cleaning (TTC) processes. Ecotoxicity was assessed with a battery of four commercially available rapid biological toxicity testing systems, ...

Dec. 19, 2014

By IWA Publishing

The authors present a method to predict fish survival under exposure to fluctuating concentrations and repeated pulses of a chemical stressor. The method is based on toxicokinetic‐toxicodynamic modeling using the general unified threshold model of survival (GUTS) and calibrated using raw data from standard fish acute toxicity tests. The model was validated by predicting fry survival in a fish ...

Jan. 30, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

By using the Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 test, the concentration-inhibition relationships were established for comparing the ecotoxicity of selected organic compounds and heavy metals. The toxicity indices for the four organic compounds were 11–628 mg/L in terms of EC50,TOC (EC: effective concentration, TOC: total organic carbon), with the toxicity in an order of linear ...

May 16, 2013

By IWA Publishing

Desalination is one of the earliest forms of saline water treatment and it is still used throughout the world. In this work, a single-effect mechanical vapor compression (MVC) process was investigated to produce water for irrigation of non-edible cultures from oil-field produced water. Distillation was able to produce a condensate presenting very low amounts of 84 analyzed pollutants. ...

Dec. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

The Inter-Governmental Ecotoxicological Testing Group (IGETG) is an ad hoc group of government scientists, technologists, data users, and scientific advisors that has been active in the development and application of ecotoxicological testing in Canada. Membership includes representatives from government laboratories that conduct toxicity testing for research and development purposes, monitor ...

Feb. 7, 2013

By IWA Publishing