ecotoxicology testing Articles

Regulatory ecotoxicology testing in Canada – activities and influence of the Inter-Governmental Ecotoxicological Testing Group

The Inter-Governmental Ecotoxicological Testing Group (IGETG) is an ad hoc group of government scientists, technologists, data users, and scientific advisors that has been active in the development and application of ecotoxicological testing in Canada. Membership includes representatives from government laboratories that conduct toxicity testing for research and development purposes, monitor ...

Feb. 7, 2013

By IWA Publishing
Acute toxicity tests and meta‐analysis identify gaps in tropical ecotoxicology for amphibians

Amphibian populations are declining worldwide, particularly in tropical regions where amphibian diversity is highest. Pollutants, including agricultural pesticides, have been identified as a potential contributor to decline, yet toxicological studies of tropical amphibians are very rare. The present study assesses toxic effects on amphibians of 10 commonly used commercial pesticides in ...

Aug. 5, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Response: Biological arguments for selecting effect sizes in ecotoxicological testing—A governmental perspective

Oct. 23, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecotoxicological characterisation of sediments from stormwater retention basins

Retention–detention basins are important structures for managing stormwater. However, their long-term operation raises the problem of managing the sediments they accumulate. Potential uses for such sediments have been envisaged, but each sediment must be characterised beforehand to verify its harmlessness. In this paper we address this issue through the development of a battery of ...

Mar. 13, 2014

By IWA Publishing
Considerations for test design to accommodate energy‐budget models in ecotoxicology: A case study for acetone in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) modeling offers many advantages in the analysis of ecotoxicity test data. Calibration of TKTD models, however, places different demands on test design compared with classical concentration–response approaches. In the present study, useful complementary information is provided regarding test design for TKTD modeling. A case study is presented for the pond ...

May 2, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aiptasia pulchella: A tropical cnidarian representative for laboratory ecotoxicological research

An urgent need exists to identify suitable tropical marine species for use in the development of sensitive and reliable test methods for routine laboratory ecotoxicological testing. Corals are a group of organisms not represented in routine ecotoxicology due to inherent difficulties in laboratory husbandry, and sea anemones from the same phylum (cnidaria) may be useful proxies. Aiptasia ...

Aug. 24, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advancing the 3Rs in regulatory ecotoxicology: A pragmatic cross‐sector approach

The ecotoxicity testing of chemicals for prospective environmental safety assessment is an area where a high number of vertebrates are used across a variety of industry sectors. Refining, reducing and replacing the use of animals such as fish, birds and amphibians for this purpose addresses the ethical concerns and the increasing legislative requirements to consider alternative test methods. ...

Oct. 6, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecotoxicological effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Scenedesmus obliquus

As a persistent bioaccumulative compound, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is found in various ecosystems and receives growing attention. The acute toxicity of PFOA was tested on two freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Scenedesmus obliquus. The 96‐h EC50 (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) values were measured, physiological responses of the algae investigated, and uptake of ...

Jan. 27, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative approach using ecotoxicological methods from single‐species bioassays to model ecosystems

Soft sediments are often hotspots of chemical contamination and a thorough ecotoxicological assessment of this habitat can help to identify the causes of stress and to improve the health of the respective ecosystem. As an important component of the ecologically relevant meiobenthic fauna, nematodes can be used for sediment assessments, with various assay tools ranging from single‐species ...

May 8, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Daphnia spp. for the Ecotoxicological Assessment of Water Quality in an Agricultural Watershed in South-Central Chile

Because of the importance of surface waters from the Chillán River watershed (Chile) for recreation, agricultural irrigation, and the production of drinking water, local concern about river water quality has increased considerably during the last decade. Agricultural and forestry activities in the watershed, characterized by an intensive use of pesticides, are thought to play an important role in ...

Feb. 1, 2005

By Springer
Geochemical and ecotoxicological assessment of iron‐ and steel‐making slags for potential use in environmental applications

Prior to the productive use of iron‐ and steel‐making slags as environmental amendments, a risk assessment supported by material characterization concomitant with leaching and ecotoxicological testing is necessary. Five iron‐ and steel‐making slags were characterized geochemically and the leachability of their elemental constituents assessed. The toxicity of slag leachate to microalgae ...

Aug. 8, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecotoxicological evaluation of low‐concentration bisphenol A exposure on the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and intrinsic mechanisms of stress response in vivo

As a representative species of nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans is an attractive animal model for evaluating ecotoxicological effects and intrinsic mechanisms of stress response in vivo. To acquire a better knowledge of environmental effects of bisphenol A (BPA), ecotoxicological evaluations were conducted using C. elegans upon the physiological (growth, locomotion behaviors, and ...

Jan. 8, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The common ecotoxicology laboratory strain of Hyalella azteca is genetically distinct from most wild strains sampled in eastern North America

The amphipod Hyalella azteca is commonly used as a model for determining safe concentrations of contaminants in freshwaters. We sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for representatives of 38 populations of this species complex from US and Canadian toxicology research laboratories and eastern North American field sites to determine their genetic relationships. ...

Aug. 17, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standardized methods for acute and semichronic toxicity tests with the copepod Acartia tonsa

The availability of standardized protocols for both organism culture and bioassay with ecologically relevant species is of great concern in ecotoxicology. Acartia tonsa represents an important, often dominant, member of zooplankton communities and meets all the practical criteria suggested for model species. New standardized procedures for laboratory culturing of the copepod A. tonsa and ...

Jun. 15, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sediment contact tests as a tool for the assessment of sediment quality in German waters

A sediment contact test (SCT) battery consisting of five ecotoxicological test systems was applied to 21 native freshwater sediments characterized by a broad variety of geochemical properties and anthropogenic contamination. Higher plants (Myriophyllum aquaticum), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus), zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio), and bacteria ...

Oct. 2, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
USE OF FISH EMBRYO TOXICITY TESTS FOR THE PREDICTION OF ACUTE FISH TOXICITY TO CHEMICALS

The Fish Embryo Test (FET) is a potential animal alternative for the acute fish toxicity (AFT) test. A comprehensive validation program assessed 20 different chemicals to understand intra‐ and inter‐laboratory variability for the FET. The FET had sufficient reproducibility across a range of potencies and modes of action. Here the suitability of the FET as an alternative model is subsequently ...

Apr. 19, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semifield testing of a bioremediation tool for atrazine‐contaminated soils: Evaluating the efficacy on soil and aquatic compartments

The present study evaluated the bioremediation efficacy of a cleanup tool for atrazine‐contaminated soils (Pseudomonas sp. ADP plus citrate [P. ADP + CIT]) at a semifield scale, combining chemical and ecotoxicological information. Three experiments representing worst‐case scenarios of atrazine contamination for soil, surface water (due to runoff), and groundwater (due to leaching) were performed ...

Apr. 14, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation and comparison of the relationship between NOEC and EC10/EC20 values in chronic Daphnia toxicity testing

Hypothesis‐based no effect concentration (NOEC) and regression‐based x% effect concentration (ECx) values are common statistical approaches to summarize ecotoxicological effects. Controversy over the NOEC model has prompted movement towards discontinuation of NOEC in favor of ECx, but the best x% effect surrogate for NOEC has not yet been determined. Historically, 10% and 20% effect ...

May 30, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A miniaturized solid contact test with Arthrobacter globiformis for the assessment of the environmental impact of silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) are widely applied nowadays for their antibacterial activity. Their increasing use in consumer products implies that they will find their way into the environment via waste water treatment plants. It was the aim of the present study to compare the ecotoxicological impact of two differently designed Ag‐NPs using the solid contact test for the bacterial strain ...

Jan. 30, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ECETOC Nano Task Force Proposes Decision-Making Framework for the Grouping and Testing of Nanomaterials

The European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) Nano Task Force published an article in Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology entitled “A decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of nanomaterials (DF4nanoGrouping).” The DF4nanoGrouping consists of three tiers to assign ...

Apr. 23, 2015

By Bergeson & Campbell, P.C.

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