effluent sampling Articles
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Assessment of the use of red mud as a catalyst for photodegradation of bisphenol A in wastewater treatment
This study aimed to investigate the use of red mud (RM) – a byproduct of aluminum production, as a photocatalyst, which was characterized physical-chemically and used in the photodegradation of the target compound bisphenol A (BPA). Chemical processing was performed in the RM (acid treatment, chemical reduction and calcination) to verify the most active catalyst. From the results obtained, a ...
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Occurrence of thermotolerant
Campylobacter spp. and adenoviruses in Finnish bathing waters and purified sewage effluentsA total of 50 Finnish bathing water samples and 34 sewage effluent samples originating from 17 locations were studied in the summers of 2006 and 2007. Campylobacter were present in 58% and adenoviruses in 12% of all bathing water samples; 53% of all sewage effluent samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. and 59% for adenoviruses. C. jejuni was the most common ...
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Design and Evaluation of a Flow Pump System for Column Testing
The design of the equipment components of a flow pump system for the measurement of solute (effluent) breakthrough curves from soil columns is described. In addition, the performance of the system in terms of the effects of equipment components and temperature on measured differential pressure fluctuations across soil specimens is illustrated. The flow pump for the system provides continuous flow ...
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Factorial experimental design applied to adsorption of cadmium on activated alumina
The effective removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater is a very important issue for many countries. This paper examines the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions and industrial effluents by adsorption on activated alumina. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area, pore diameter and pore volume of the activated alumina were 156.7 m2/g, 58.4 Å and 0.23 cm3/g, ...
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Detection and subtype identification of
Blastocystis isolates from wastewater samples in the PhilippinesTo provide further evidence of waterborne transmission of Blastocystis, a total of 31 wastewater treatment plants from geographically distinct locations across the Philippines were sampled for influent and effluent sewage samples. In vitro cultivation was the method of choice to increase sensitivity of detection. Blastocystis cysts were detected in 15% (9/62) of the samples using in vitro ...
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Removal of viruses and indicators by anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating animal waste
Appropriate treatment of agricultural waste is necessary for the protection of public health in rural areas because land-applied animal manure may transmit zoonotic disease. In this study, we evaluated the potential of using a pilot anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) to treat agricultural waste. The AnMBR system, following a conventional complete mix anaerobic digester (CMAD), achieved high ...
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Condition assessment survey of onsite sewage disposal systems (OSDSs) in Hawaii
Onsite sewage disposal systems (OSDSs) are the third leading cause of groundwater contamination in the USA. The existing condition of OSDSs in the State of Hawaii was investigated to determine whether a mandatory management program should be implemented. Based on observed conditions, OSDSs were differentiated into four categories: ‘pass’, ‘sludge scum’, ...
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The Toxicity Identification of Inorganic Toxicants in Real World Samples
Abstract :The toxicity of a sediment pore water and an effluent was characterized using Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) procedures. Both samples exhibited acute toxicity to the freshwater crustaceanThamnocephalus platyurus. The TIE approach was conducted using an enlarged battery of fractionation tests. Toxicity of the pore water sample was removed or reduced significantly by the cation ...
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Seasonal variation in bacterial heavy metal biosorption in water samples from Eziama river near soap and brewery industries and the environmental health implications
Abstract: Seasonal variation in bacterial heavy metals biosorption from soap and brewery industrial effluent samples from Eziama River in Abia State were analyzed for Pb, Hg, Fe, Zn, As, and Mn, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bioaccumulation of the metals by bacteria showed the following trend > Fe >Zn >As > Pb > Mn (Rainy Season) and Zn > Fe > Mn > As > Hg > Pb (Dry season). ...
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Elimination of enteric indicators and pathogenic bacteria in secondary effluents and lake water by solar disinfection (SODIS)
The reduction of enteric indicators (fecal coliforms (FC) and Enterococcus faecalis) and elimination of pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus) in the secondary effluents and lake water by solar disinfection (SODIS) was studied in this article. FC, E. faecalis, Salmonella spp. and S. aureus were isolated and enumerated using membrane filtration techniques after SODIS of ...
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Contaminants of emerging concern in municipal wastewater effluents and marine receiving water
The occurrence and concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were investigated in municipal effluents and in marine receiving water. Final effluent from four large publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and seawater collected near the respective POTW outfall discharges and a reference station were collected quarterly over one year and analyzed for 56 CECs. Several CECs were ...
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EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF
Untitled Document Source specificity and persistence of several sulfur-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs), nitro-PAHs (N-PAHs), and triphenylene were examined via analyses of stormwater runoff and wastewater effluent samples and spiked samples upon exposure to sunlight. Samples were collected during the 1997/1998 wet weather season from two major storm channels and four ...
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Noses for Surveillance of Wastewater from Secondary Treatment Plants in Alexandria, Egypt
Intermittent discharges of industrial chemical pollutants into sewers can have a damaging effect on the processes involved in treating wastewater. They are sometimes able to pass through treatment plants and enter into the receiving water, to exert a harmful effect on the environment and possibly pass down a river to the intakes forwater supplies. We evaluated the use of an electronic nose ...
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Assessment of the impact of traditional septic tank soakaway systems on water quality in Ireland
One of the key threats to groundwater and surface water quality in Ireland is the impact of poorly designed, constructed or maintained on-site wastewater treatment systems. An extensive study was carried out to quantify the impact of existing sites on water quality. Six existing sites, consisting of a traditional septic tank and soakaway system, located in various ranges of subsoil ...
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An antimicrobial polycationic sand filter for water disinfection
A new sand filtration water disinfection technology is developed which relies on the antimicrobial properties of hydrophobic polycations (N-hexylated polyethylenimine) covalently attached to the sand's surface. The efficacy of the filter disinfection process was evaluated both with water spiked with E. coli and with real aqueous effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. For the former, over ...
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Rapid and specific detection of
Salmonella in water samples using real-time PCR and High Resolution Melt (HRM) curve analysisA real-time PCR assay combined with a pre-enrichment step for the specific and rapid detection of Salmonella in water samples is described. Following amplification of the invA gene target, High Resolution Melt (HRM) curve analysis was used to discriminate between products formed and to positively identify invA amplification. The real-time PCR assay was evaluated for specificity and sensitivity. ...
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Inactivation of particle-associated Escherichia coli with chlorine dioxide
In this paper, the inactivation of both free Escherichia coli (FE) and particle-associated E. coli (PAE) with chlorine dioxide (ClO2) were investigated using granular activated carbon effluent water samples. The inactivation rate of FE was higher than that of PAE and the reactivation ratio of PAE was higher than that of FE, indicating the threat of particle-associated bacteria. Response ...
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Gene expression responses for detecting sublethal effects of xenobiotics and whole effluents on a Xenopus laevis embryo assay
In the present study, we investigated the effects of bisphenol A, chlorpyrifos, methylparaben and 2 effluent samples from wastewater treatment plants located in the province of Madrid (Spain) on the mRNA expression of specific genes involved in early development (ESR1, pax6, bmp4 and myf5) and a gene involved in general stress response (hsp70) during Xenopus laevis embryo development. Gene ...
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The fate of 14C-radiolabelled diclofenac and 4′-hydroxydiclofenac in membrane bioreactor treatment of wastewater
This study aimed at enhancing knowledge on the fate of diclofenac (DF), together with its main human metabolite 4′-hydroxydiclofenac (4′OHDF), during wastewater treatment by using a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). The reactor was fed continuously with non-radiolabelled diclofenac for a one month period prior to a single pulse of a 14C-radiolabelled solution of DF and 4′OHDF. The ...
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Assessment of burden of virus agents in an urban sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Sewage discharge is considered to be the main source of virus contamination in aquatic environments. There is no correlation between the presence of viruses and the presence of fecal coliforms in water; therefore virological markers are needed when monitoring contamination. This study investigates DNA and RNA virus concentrations in wastewater and evaluates a potential virus marker of human ...
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