emissions modeling Articles
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Magnetic-emission model of catalytic fuel oxidation
In the following paper, the magnetic-emission model of catalytic fuel oxidation is described. On the basis of this model, the process of methane oxidation of catalytic surface is considered, and the method of efficient adsorption of catalytic radiation is presented.Keywords: catalytic surface, catalytic fuel combustion, magnetic-emission model, catalytic radiation, efficient adsorption, catalytic ...
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Static and dynamic instantaneous emission modelling
Emission models can be categorised into three categories: average speed models; traffic situation models, used at macro-scale or meso-scale level (national, regional, city level); and instantaneous (modal) models, useful at micro-scale level (street, vehicle level). To improve the existing instantaneous emission models, some preconditions must be fulfilled: the emission signals should be measured ...
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Real options and CO 2 reduction policies for climate change
Managing CO 2 emission control policy is a complex problem because of uncertainties in CO 2 emission process and CO 2 uptake, and irreversibility in investment decisions. Traditional method using benefit cost analysis for evaluation of CO 2 reduction policy is not effective in presence of deep uncertainties. Real options analysis approach is an alternative methodology which incorporates ...
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Modelling fuel consumption and pollutant emissions based on real-world driving patterns: the HBEFA approach
Emissions of passenger cars and light-duty vehicles with complex exhaust gas after-treatment are difficult to predict, especially if the prediction is only based on kinematic parameters without vehicle-specific data. A new method for modelling fleet emission factors based on testbench data is presented. It has been used for modern passenger cars and light-duty vehicles (EURO-2 and -3) in the new ...
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LCP/IRP strategy development using an optimising energy-emission model
This paper proposes an energy-emission modelling approach for the development of least-cost planning and integrated resource planning strategies for electric utilities, and presents results of the model application to the municipal electric utilities of Karlsruhe and Rottweil. The LCP/IRP strategy employed is based on the regulatory practice in Germany, also with regard to liberalisation issues. ...
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A monitoring system to control effects and effectiveness of traffic measures in urban areas
Within a project on environmental traffic management in Braunschweig, Germany, (“UVM Umweltorientiertes Verkehrsmanagement Braunschweig”) a monitoring system has been installed as part of an environmental traffic management system (ETMS). This paper describes the layout, the application and the validation of the monitoring system. The effectiveness of implemented ...
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Northern shipping: Is the anticipated climate boost a bust?
Visions of safe passage for cargo ships across the Arctic between Europe and Asia have sprung up in recent years as ice-free zones have appeared along the northern coasts of Russia and Canada. Some shipping companies already have begun taking advantage of the change. But dreamers and schemers may want to think twice about the long-term promise of the so-called Northern Sea Route for boosting ...
By Ensia
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The role of temperature in tropospheric ozone
After evaluating some meteorological simulations, we detect an error of over 5°C in surface temperature. In order to assess the effect of this anomaly in temperature, we perform new simulations of an emission model and a photochemical model using the correct surface temperature in the meteorological data. Our goal is not to solve the problem in surface temperature estimates, but to reveal how it ...
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Application to Northern Italy of a new modelling system for air quality planning: a comparison between different chemical mechanisms
A modelling system has been developed for the analysis of photochemical pollution. It is composed of three modules: CALMET meteorological model, POEM-PM emission model and TCAM model. The system can accommodate chemical schemes based on both lumped molecule and lumped structure approaches. Application to an intense ozone production episode occurred in northern Italy has been performed. The ...
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Real-World Vehicle Emissions: A Summary of the 15th Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop
ABSTRACT The Coordinating Research Council held its 15th workshop in April 2005, with nearly 90 presentations describing the most recent mobile source-related emissions research. In this paper, the authors summarize the presentations from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to air quality. Participants in the workshop discussed ...
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Projecting emission reductions from prospective mobile sources policies by road link-based modelling
A methodology was developed to project total vehicular emissions from different emission reduction policies for the light-duty vehicles in the roads network of Tehran, Iran. A road-link-based model was constructed based on a bottom-up approach by coupling COPERT emission functions with the travel demand model of EMME/2. Results showed total emission from the studied network was largely impacted ...
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Real-world vehicle emissions
The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) convened its 18th On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop March 31–April 2, 2008, with 104 presentations describing the most recent mobile source-related emissions research. In this paper we summarize the presentations from researchers whose efforts are improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to air quality. Participants in the workshop ...
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Emission behaviour of modern heavy duty vehicles in real world driving
Within a national and two international research projects, a vehicle emission model was developed, which calculates emissions in real world driving from the engine emission maps by simulating engine power and engine speed. Influences of transient load changes on the emission level are taken into consideration by special functions. Model parameters are gained from a common measurement protocol on ...
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Characterising emissions from private passenger vehicles using engine operating patterns
A method to simulate emissions factors using frequency distribution plots of engine speed and engine load is proposed. The distribution plots and corresponding emissions factors were developed from speed time series' of real-world driving cycles and physical properties of a range of private passenger vehicles tested at the EMPA. Emissions factors were estimated for a set of simultaneously ...
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Is there a cointegrating relationship between Australia's fossil-fuel based carbon dioxide emissions per capita and her GDP per capita?
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission per capita of Australia, a high-income economy with a fossil fuel-rich fuel-mix, is proven to have a strong cointegrating relationship with her gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. A conditional equilibrium correction model (ECM) has been developed to quantify the relationship between the two variables by employing the autoregressive distributed lag bound-testing ...
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Kinetics of the atrazine degradation process using H2O2-UVC
This work is concerned with the intrinsic reaction kinetic of the degradation of atrazine (ATZ) using H2O2-UVC. Experimental runs were carried out in annular photoreactor. The initial concentration of ATZ was 2.2 × 10−2 mol m−3 while the H2O2-ATZ molar ratio range was 0–578 mol H2O2 mol−1 ATZ. The ATZ molecules are decomposed by means of free-radical attack ...
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Real-World Vehicle Emissions: A Summary of the 14th Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop
The Coordinating Research Council held its 14th Vehicle Emissions Workshop in March 2004, where results of the most recent on-road vehicle emissions research were presented. We summarize ongoing work from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to ambient air quality andemission inventories. Participants in the workshop discussed efforts to ...
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A congestion sensitive approach to modelling road networks for air quality management
This research establishes an approach to modelling a congested road network for air quality management, which enables the assessment of traffic management solutions that may create only subtle changes in the traffic flow regimes. Road network emissions have been calculated using standard factors taking into account details of vehicle fleet composition, average speeds and road type. Additionally, ...
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An assessment of urban VOC emissions and concentrations by comparing model results and measurements
From September 1994 to June 1996, the city of Antwerp carried out a volatile organic compound (VOC) measurement campaign in the urban agglomeration of Antwerp. The results were used to further validate a traffic emission model for the city of Antwerp and to evaluate the performance of three different "street canyon" models that were applied to calculate benzene concentrations at ten ...
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NO x emission model of turbofan engine
During last decade a lot of investigations also focused on the evaluation of aircraft engine impact on local and regional air quality in the vicinity of the airport. The emission inventory of aircraft engines are usually calculated on the basis of certificated emission indexes, which is provided by the engine manufacturer and reported in the database of ICAO. The certificated emission indices ...
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