environmental risk assessment Articles
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Risk analysis, a tool for decision-making
Risk analysis is an instrument for the decision-making process. Three possible applications are described: methods used for a (first) 'quick and dirty' analysis; the question of unacceptable risks; and aspects related to decision-making under risk and uncertainty. These applications have advantages and disadvantages, and sometimes their own specific pitfalls.Keywords: environmental risk ...
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Promoting effects on reproduction increase population vulnerability of Daphnia magna
Environmental risk assessment of chemicals is based on single species tests at the individual level with single compounds. However, the protection goal is the sustainability of a population, which faces several natural stressors and mixtures of chemicals in the environment. Therefore, experiments were undertaken to quantify the combined effects of chemicals with different modes of action on ...
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Combining exposure and effect modelling into an integrated probabilistic environmental risk assessment for nanoparticles
There is a growing need for good environmental risk assessment of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). Environmental risk assessment of ENPs has been hampered by lack of data and knowledge about ENPs, their environmental fate and their toxicity. This leads to uncertainty in the risk assessment. To effectively deal with uncertainty in the risk assessment, probabilistic methods are advantageous. In ...
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Nanopharmaceuticals – tiny challenges for the environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals
Many new developments and innovations in health care are based on nanotechnology. The field of nanopharmaceuticals is diverse and not as new as one might think: for many years nanopharmaceuticals have been marketed and future is likely to bring more nanosized compounds to the market. Therefore it is time to examine, whether the environmental risk assessment for human pharmaceuticals is ...
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Tenax extraction as a simple approach to improve environmental risk assessments
It is well documented that using exhaustive chemical extractions is not an effective means of assessing exposure of hydrophobic organic compounds in sediments and that bioavailability‐based techniques are an improvement over traditional methods. One technique that has shown special promise as a method for assessing the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds in sediment is the use of ...
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Environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals: Regulatory developments
Concern about the potential environmental impact of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment was first expressed over 30 years ago. It is therefore surprising that there is still so little current regulation requiring environmental risk assessments to be undertaken on human pharmaceuticals. Particularly in view of the rapid development in legislation, that has taken place in many ...
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Ecotoxicological thresholds – practical application to an industrial inventory
The concept of Thresholds of Toxicological Concern (TTC), as a potentially useful tool in environmental risk assessment has been applied to an inventory of a home and personal care products company to derive a series of chemical class based ecoTTC values. Cationic chemicals of various types show notably higher toxicity than other classes and should be treated separately. Despite this the ...
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Fugacity and activity analysis of the bioaccumulation and environmental risks of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5)
As part of an initiative to evaluate commercial chemicals for their effects on human and environmental health, Canada recently evaluated decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5; CAS no. 541‐02‐06), a high–volume production chemical used in many personal care products. The evaluation illustrated the challenges encountered in environmental risk assessments and the need for the development of better ...
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Linking environmental risk assessment and communication: an experiment in co-evolving scientific and social knowledge
Dissemination of information to decision-makers and enhanced methods of public participation are often put forward as antidotes to a perceived disconnect between risk assessment and risk communication in the public domain. However, mechanisms that support both the provision of routine, timely and relevant technical knowledge to the public and meaningful opportunities for public participation in ...
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Sensitivity Analysis with Correlated Inputs – an Environmental Risk Assessment Example
ABSTRACTCrystal Ball® calculates sensitivities by computing rank correlation coefficients between model inputs (assumptions) and outputs (forecasts) – an approach that is known to provide inaccurate results for correlated assumptions. This paper describes the Partial Correlation Coefficient (PCC) concept for sensitivity analysis of probabilistic models with correlated inputs. PCCs quantify the ...
By Oracle
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Predicting acute and chronic effects of wood preservative products in Daphnia magna and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata based on the concept of concentration addition
The current European legislation requires that combined effects of the active substances (a.s.) and any substance of concern contained in biocidal products are taken into account in the environmental risk assessment. The hypothesis whether the consideration of a.s. together with all formulation additives that are labelled as presenting an environmental hazard is sufficient for a reliable ...
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White Paper on chemicals and Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants: perspectives for environmental risk management
The ever-growing attention to the environmental risk assessment of chemical substances has had considerable repercussions in the recent agreements reached within the European Union and on the international stage. In the conclusions on the European Commission's White Paper Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy, the Council of the European Union recently referred to the need to include persistent, ...
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Environmental exposure assessment of engineered nanoparticles: why REACH needs adjustment
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) possess novel properties making them attractive for application in a wide spectrum of fields. These novel properties are not accounted for in the environmental risk assessment methods REACH proposes in their guidance on environmental exposure estimation, although ENMs are already applied in a variety of consumer and industrial products. It is thus necessary to ...
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Risk analysis of landfills
A landfill has its own risks, like many other technologies. In the framework of the Polyproject 'Risk and Safety of Technical Systems' (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich) a special methodology has been developed for analysing and assessing the different risks of a landfill. In the first main task of this task-oriented methodology, the whole procedure and the goals of the risk analysis ...
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Estimating emissions from adhesives / sealants uses and manufacturing for use in environmental risk assessment
REACH requires that environmental exposure assessments be performed for all uses of dangerous substances that are marketed in the European Union in quantities above 10 tons per year. The quantification of emissions to the environment is a key step in this process. This publication is the first to describe the derivation of release factors and guidance for estimating use rates for quantifying ...
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Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate pollution caused by agricultural practices
Environmental risk assessment is a step towards identification, analysis, and classification of risk factors and thus reduction of the possibility of adverse consequences. In this research, a novel approach for environmental risk assessment on groundwater pollution is applied. By combination of aquifer vulnerability DRASTIC map, pollution severity and prioritizing of the plain regions by the ...
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Use of acute and chronic ecotoxicity data in environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals
For many older pharmaceuticals, chronic aquatic toxicity data are limited. To assess risk during development, scale‐up and manufacturing processes, acute data and physicochemical properties need to be leveraged to reduce potential long‐term impacts to the environment. Aquatic toxicity data were pooled from daphnid, fish and algae studies for 102 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to ...
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Contamination and exposure profiles of priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in groundwater in a semi-arid region in India
The concentration of 13 PAHs in groundwater was measured at 12 locations of Agra. The mean concentration of TPAH in all samples was 31.86 ng L−1 and it ranges from 13.2 ng L−1 to 64.3 ng L−1. The 4-ring and 5-ring PAHs were found to be dominant in the groundwater of Agra region having 38.6% and 26.4% of the TPAH. The carcinogenic potency was estimated and it was found 2.7 ng ...
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