exposure assessment Articles
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Potential health effects associated with residential proximity to freeways and primary roads: review of scientific literature, 1999–2006
This review presents epidemiologic evidence of adverse health effects associated with residential proximity to traffic. Of the 29 peer-reviewed studies that met the authors’ defined criteria, 25 reported statistically significant associations with at least one adverse health effect across a broad range of exposure metrics and diverse geographical locations. Specific pollutants contributing to the ...
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Campylobacter source attribution by exposure assessment
A new application of exposure assessment aimed at improving insight into source attribution of human infectious diseases, i.e. estimation of the relative contribution of sources and transmission routes, is developed and explored. Human exposure, calculated as the mean number of Campylobacters ingested per person per day, is used as an indication of the relative importance of Campylobacter ...
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Estimating emissions from adhesives / sealants uses and manufacturing for use in environmental risk assessment
REACH requires that environmental exposure assessments be performed for all uses of dangerous substances that are marketed in the European Union in quantities above 10 tons per year. The quantification of emissions to the environment is a key step in this process. This publication is the first to describe the derivation of release factors and guidance for estimating use rates for quantifying ...
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The applicability of chemical alternatives assessment for engineered nanomaterials
The use of alternatives assessment to substitute hazardous chemicals with inherently safer options is gaining momentum worldwide as a legislative and corporate strategy to minimize consumer, occupational, and environmental risks. Engineered nanomaterials represent an interesting case for alternatives assessment approaches as they can be considered both emerging “chemicals” of concern, as well ...
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Interpretation of aged sorption studies for pesticides and their use in EU regulatory leaching assessments
First‐tier regulatory exposure assessments for pesticides assume that pesticide sorption is instantaneous and fully reversible. In EU regulatory guidance, an increase in sorption over time (‘aged sorption’) can be considered at the higher tier to refine predicted environmental concentrations in groundwater. Research commissioned by the UK Chemicals Regulation Directorate (CRD), funded by ...
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Incorporating uncertainty and variability in the assessment of occupational hazards
Uncertainty reflects ignorance associated with population traits (e.g. average exposure levels to a contaminant), with models used to predict risk (e.g. which statistical model is correct), and with a host of other considerations. Variability reflects an intrinsic property of a system (e.g. body mass indices possess a distribution across a population). The incorporation of uncertainty and ...
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Application of pocis for exposure assessment of munitions constituents during constant and fluctuating exposure
Potential use of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) for exposure assessment of munitions constituents (MC), including 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX), and their breakdown products (aminodinitrotoluenes [ADNTs], diaminonitrotoluenes [DANTs], and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitroso‐1,3,5‐triazine [TNX]), was examined. Loss of MC from the ...
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Priorities to improve the ecological risk assessment and management for pesticides in surface water
This paper deals with prospective and retrospective ecological risk assessment (ERA) procedures for pesticides in surface waters as performed under European legislation (Regulation 1107/2009/EC; Directive 2009/128/EC; Directive 2000/60/EC). Priorities to improve the aquatic risk assessment and management of pesticides are discussed on basis of the following five theses: The management of the ...
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2017 Conference Will Focus on New Tools and Approaches for Nanomaterial Safety Assessment
On February 7-9, 2017, a conference focused on new tools and approaches for nanomaterial safety assessment will be held in Malaga, Spain. The conference is jointly organized by five major Seventh Research Framework Program (FP7) projects: NANOSOLUTIONS, GUIDEnano, Sustainable Nanotechnologies (SUN), NanoMILE, and eNanoMapper. It will present the main results achieved in the course of the ...
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The Effect Of Diversity In People`s Eating Habits
The Effect Of Diversity In People's Eating Habits There are thousands of foods available on the market, with thousands of brands and hundreds of potential hazards in the food chain. Where do you start? People eat different things on different days, and different people have very different eating habits, not least during holiday seasons. This is natural variability in people's habits and ...
By Creme Global
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Comparing the impact of a road tunnel vs. a road viaduct by means of an integrated exposure assessment
Using the MOBILEE methodology, we performed a detailed air quality assessment for three scenarios for the ring road around Antwerp, a major city in Belgium, using PM10 and NOx emission inventories for 2003 (reference) and 2015 (projected future situation), followed by an assessment of the exposure of the population living in the vicinity of the planned constructions. PM10 turned out to be the ...
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Science and policy challenges of atmospheric modelling in consideration of health effects
Next generation atmospheric models are required to provide a realistic assessment of different types of chronic and acute environmental conditions and forecast the consequences on population health. These tasks were usually carried out with epidemiological studies, which are not adequate to indicate health effects. Therefore, models should be capable to carry out hazard identification, ...
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Winter exposure assessment of copper, zinc and arsenic in drinking water of inhabitants in Beijing, China
Human exposure to Cu, Zn and As from drinking water in Beijing, China was estimated in winter. Cu, Zn and As were detected at 6.1, 400 and 0.6 µg/L on average in stagnant water, significantly different from those in the actually ingested boiled tap water, 5.1, 130 and 2.4 µg/L, respectively. Daily intake of Cu, Zn and As from drinking water was 0.8%, 7.7% and 28.5% of the minimum for adults ...
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Inside EPA Article, “Stakeholders Flag Early Concerns On EPA TSCA Risk Evaluation Proposal,” Quotes B&C Memorandum
On February 9, 2017, Inside EPA quoted the Bergeson & Campbell P.C. (B&C®) memorandum, “TSCA: EPA Releases Proposed Chemical Risk Evaluation Process under New TSCA,” regarding how a weight of evidence (WoE) approach would impact U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) risk evaluations. And a Jan. 19 Bergeson & Campbell memorandum on the proposal says that while the ...
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Environmental exposure assessment of engineered nanoparticles: why REACH needs adjustment
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) possess novel properties making them attractive for application in a wide spectrum of fields. These novel properties are not accounted for in the environmental risk assessment methods REACH proposes in their guidance on environmental exposure estimation, although ENMs are already applied in a variety of consumer and industrial products. It is thus necessary to ...
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Characterising uncertainties in human exposure modelling through the Random Sampling-High Dimensional Model Representation (RS-HDMR) methodology
This paper presents the application of a quantitative model assessment and analysis tool, the Random Sampling-High Dimensional Model Representation (RS-HDMR), in characterising uncertainties of population-based human exposure modelling to trichloroethylene (TCE). The RS-HDMR method is used to construct the Fully Equivalent Operational Model (FEOM) as an "accurate and efficient" approximation of ...
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EUON Study Finds Knowledge Gaps Exist in Risk Assessment of Nano-Sized Pigments
The European Union (EU) Observatory for Nanomaterials (EUON) announced on September 7, 2018, that a new study found gaps in the current knowledge on the hazard and risk assessment of nano-sized pigments. The study, commissioned by EUON, identified 81 nano-sized pigments currently used in the EU market. The study was done to collect publicly available information on the identified nano-sized ...
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Evaluation of occupational exposure to aerosol emitted from die sinking electrical discharge machining process
Emission of toxic gases and aerosols is a critical occupational threat in the die sinking Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process. The present study is focused on the concentration of aerosols in the breathing zone of the EDM operator at various process parameters. Peak current, pulse duration, dielectric level and flushing pressure were the process parameters considered in this study, and ...
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Disinfection by-product occurrence in selected European waters
In this paper we report the findings of a European survey of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking waters in selected regions that were part of epidemiology studies. The levels of DBPs found reflected the diverse regions from which the samples were collected, the different treatment/disinfection processes and the different source waters. In addition to a wide range ...
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Development neurotoxicity: implications of methylmercury research
The causes of neurodevelopmental disorders are mostly unknown. Exposure to certain chemicals during early foetal development can cause permanent brain injury at doses much lower than those that affect the adult brain. Recent epidemiological evidence on methylmercury has shown adverse effects at exposure levels previously thought to be safe. Major obstacles in this research field include ...
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