exposure assessment Articles
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Potential health effects associated with residential proximity to freeways and primary roads: review of scientific literature, 1999–2006
This review presents epidemiologic evidence of adverse health effects associated with residential proximity to traffic. Of the 29 peer-reviewed studies that met the authors’ defined criteria, 25 reported statistically significant associations with at least one adverse health effect across a broad range of exposure metrics and diverse geographical locations. Specific pollutants contributing to the ...
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Campylobacter source attribution by exposure assessment
A new application of exposure assessment aimed at improving insight into source attribution of human infectious diseases, i.e. estimation of the relative contribution of sources and transmission routes, is developed and explored. Human exposure, calculated as the mean number of Campylobacters ingested per person per day, is used as an indication of the relative importance of Campylobacter ...
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Estimating emissions from adhesives / sealants uses and manufacturing for use in environmental risk assessment
REACH requires that environmental exposure assessments be performed for all uses of dangerous substances that are marketed in the European Union in quantities above 10 tons per year. The quantification of emissions to the environment is a key step in this process. This publication is the first to describe the derivation of release factors and guidance for estimating use rates for quantifying ...
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Derivation of Human Health‐Based Ambient Water Quality Criteria: A Consideration of Conservatism and Protectiveness Goals
Under the terms of the Clean Water Act, criteria for the protection of human health [Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria (HHWQC)] are traditionally derived using United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)‐recommended equations that include parameters for exposure assessment. To derive “adequately protective” HHWQC, USEPA proposes the use of default values for these ...
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The applicability of chemical alternatives assessment for engineered nanomaterials
The use of alternatives assessment to substitute hazardous chemicals with inherently safer options is gaining momentum worldwide as a legislative and corporate strategy to minimize consumer, occupational, and environmental risks. Engineered nanomaterials represent an interesting case for alternatives assessment approaches as they can be considered both emerging “chemicals” of concern, as well ...
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Heat exposure assessment in the working environment of a glass manufacturing unit
Working in hot environments can produce a strain on workers that may lead to discomfort, loss in performance and productivity, heat illness and death. For this reason there has been much research into human responses to hot environments. Although knowledge is not complete, a great deal is known and can be integrated to allow the proposal of practical methods for designing and evaluating working ...
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Interpretation of aged sorption studies for pesticides and their use in EU regulatory leaching assessments
First‐tier regulatory exposure assessments for pesticides assume that pesticide sorption is instantaneous and fully reversible. In EU regulatory guidance, an increase in sorption over time (‘aged sorption’) can be considered at the higher tier to refine predicted environmental concentrations in groundwater. Research commissioned by the UK Chemicals Regulation Directorate (CRD), funded by ...
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Science and policy challenges of atmospheric modelling in consideration of health effects
Next generation atmospheric models are required to provide a realistic assessment of different types of chronic and acute environmental conditions and forecast the consequences on population health. These tasks were usually carried out with epidemiological studies, which are not adequate to indicate health effects. Therefore, models should be capable to carry out hazard identification, ...
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Incorporating uncertainty and variability in the assessment of occupational hazards
Uncertainty reflects ignorance associated with population traits (e.g. average exposure levels to a contaminant), with models used to predict risk (e.g. which statistical model is correct), and with a host of other considerations. Variability reflects an intrinsic property of a system (e.g. body mass indices possess a distribution across a population). The incorporation of uncertainty and ...
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2017 Conference Will Focus on New Tools and Approaches for Nanomaterial Safety Assessment
On February 7-9, 2017, a conference focused on new tools and approaches for nanomaterial safety assessment will be held in Malaga, Spain. The conference is jointly organized by five major Seventh Research Framework Program (FP7) projects: NANOSOLUTIONS, GUIDEnano, Sustainable Nanotechnologies (SUN), NanoMILE, and eNanoMapper. It will present the main results achieved in the course of the ...
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Radiation dosage case study
The Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Team Dose Reconstruction Project assists the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health by reconstructing the radiation doses received by workers at various Department of Energy and Atomic Weapons Employer facilities. This work involves personal interviews with claimants, retrieval and validation of individual monitoring data, ...
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Application of pocis for exposure assessment of munitions constituents during constant and fluctuating exposure
Potential use of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) for exposure assessment of munitions constituents (MC), including 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX), and their breakdown products (aminodinitrotoluenes [ADNTs], diaminonitrotoluenes [DANTs], and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitroso‐1,3,5‐triazine [TNX]), was examined. Loss of MC from the ...
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Comparing the impact of a road tunnel vs. a road viaduct by means of an integrated exposure assessment
Using the MOBILEE methodology, we performed a detailed air quality assessment for three scenarios for the ring road around Antwerp, a major city in Belgium, using PM10 and NOx emission inventories for 2003 (reference) and 2015 (projected future situation), followed by an assessment of the exposure of the population living in the vicinity of the planned constructions. PM10 turned out to be the ...
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Inside EPA Article, “Stakeholders Flag Early Concerns On EPA TSCA Risk Evaluation Proposal,” Quotes B&C Memorandum
On February 9, 2017, Inside EPA quoted the Bergeson & Campbell P.C. (B&C®) memorandum, “TSCA: EPA Releases Proposed Chemical Risk Evaluation Process under New TSCA,” regarding how a weight of evidence (WoE) approach would impact U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) risk evaluations. And a Jan. 19 Bergeson & Campbell memorandum on the proposal says that while the ...
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The Effect Of Diversity In People`s Eating Habits
The Effect Of Diversity In People's Eating Habits There are thousands of foods available on the market, with thousands of brands and hundreds of potential hazards in the food chain. Where do you start? People eat different things on different days, and different people have very different eating habits, not least during holiday seasons. This is natural variability in people's habits and ...
By Creme Global
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Environmental exposure assessment of engineered nanoparticles: why REACH needs adjustment
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) possess novel properties making them attractive for application in a wide spectrum of fields. These novel properties are not accounted for in the environmental risk assessment methods REACH proposes in their guidance on environmental exposure estimation, although ENMs are already applied in a variety of consumer and industrial products. It is thus necessary to ...
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Winter exposure assessment of copper, zinc and arsenic in drinking water of inhabitants in Beijing, China
Human exposure to Cu, Zn and As from drinking water in Beijing, China was estimated in winter. Cu, Zn and As were detected at 6.1, 400 and 0.6 µg/L on average in stagnant water, significantly different from those in the actually ingested boiled tap water, 5.1, 130 and 2.4 µg/L, respectively. Daily intake of Cu, Zn and As from drinking water was 0.8%, 7.7% and 28.5% of the minimum for adults ...
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Is received dose from ingested soil independent of soil PAH concentrations: Animal model results
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability from ingested soils will vary between soils; however, the nature of this variation is not well characterized. Here, we used the juvenile swine model to link external exposure to internal benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and anthracene exposure following oral PAH ingestion of 27 different impacted site soils, soots, or spiked artificial soils. Internal ...
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EUON Study Finds Knowledge Gaps Exist in Risk Assessment of Nano-Sized Pigments
The European Union (EU) Observatory for Nanomaterials (EUON) announced on September 7, 2018, that a new study found gaps in the current knowledge on the hazard and risk assessment of nano-sized pigments. The study, commissioned by EUON, identified 81 nano-sized pigments currently used in the EU market. The study was done to collect publicly available information on the identified nano-sized ...
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Dietary‐ and tissue‐based exposure of belted kingfisher to PCDFs and PCDDs in the Tittabawassee River floodplain, Midland, MI, USA
Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other dioxin‐like compounds in soils and sediments of the Tittabawassee River and associated floodplains downstream of Midland, Michigan, USA, are greater than upstream sites. As a result of these concentrations, which are some of the greatest ever reported, a site‐specific exposure assessment of belted kingfisher breeding in the ...
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