exposure level Articles

During planned shutdowns, the equipment in refineries and petrochemical plants has to be checked. The downtime can require several weeks when tanks, vessels, distillation columns, and pipes have to be drained and cleaned for i   maintenance or repair. Shutdowns are labour-intensive and require accurate scheduling and organisation between all projects, as often hundreds of workers are ...

Aug. 16, 2017

By Kurita

This paper examines the relation between environmental disclosures resulting from environmental legislation and the regulatory costs and level of the environmental exposure for a sample of 51 US chemical firms. The results show that environmental disclosures included as discretionary disclosures in the 10-K reports in 1984 prior to the enactment of SARA (The Superfund Amendments and ...

Feb. 4, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers

Pulsar Instruments has made assessing and capturing the true noise exposure of workers in a range of settings simple with its innovative noise doseBadge: Model 22. This revolutionary personal noise dosimeter is a self-contained device ...

Jul. 22, 2013

By Pulsar Instruments plc

HYPOTHESIS: H-1: Changes in firm environmental exposure are positively associated with changes in CEO compensation. Executives in environmentally-exposed businesses will demand compensation for optimal economic operating decisions that increase the firm’s environmental risk.H-2: Ceteris paribus, use of an environmental performance-based executive compensation plan reduces the environmental risk ...

Aug. 1, 1996

Margarethe Jaroszewski of 3E Company looks at the extra burden REACH Exposure Scenarios will bring The REACH Regulation went into effect on 1 June 2007, simplifying but also complicating the compliance work for companies manufacturing or importing chemicals in Europe. As a result, all companies manufacturing, importing, distributing or using chemical substances on their own, in mixtures ...

Jun. 19, 2012

By 3E Company

The effects of human exposure to mercury (Hg) and its compounds in Europe have been the focus of numerous studies that differed in their design, including recruiting different population groups at different levels of exposure and by using different protocols and recruitment strategies. The objective of this work was to review current studies of Hg exposure in Europe, taking into account the ...

Dec. 4, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The assessment of occupational exposure following disinfection of hard surfaces with a biocidal product based on didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) was carried out for both spraying and wiping-off applications. Several human exposure models were used, and the results were compared, in order to figure out the differences and identify the most representative model. No risk management ...

Jul. 18, 2011

By Inderscience Publishers

With the objective of estimating the dose due to radon-222 received by tour guides and other people who work inside some of the most important tourist caves in the Republic of Cuba, measurements of radon concentrations were carried out in four of these caves. All the studied caves are located in Vinales Valley (Pinar del Rio City), a very important tourist area in the country. The relationship ...

Apr. 26, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers

What is Probabilistic Food Safety Exposure Assessment? There are a myriad of chemicals in food products consumed by populations. Each chemical in its own right may not be harmful to the population, but in combination with other chemicals, there may be risk of high levels of exposure to potentially harmful substances. An effective probabilistic exposure assessment needs to handle the ...

Aug. 3, 2007

By Creme Global

Embalmers can be at risk of dangerous exposure to Formaldehyde. ...

Jul. 28, 2011

By PPM Technology

Synthetic chemicals are poisoning our bodies from the moment of conception. What are we going to do about it? Since the end of World War II, our planet has undergone massive human-influenced environmental change, unnoticed by most. A few decades ago, chemistry was the new frontier for corporations and consumers. New technologies offered stability, convenience, entertainment, ...

Aug. 25, 2014

By Ensia

Based on the reports suggesting that exposures to low doses of ionising radiation may impede tumour development and/or trigger the activity of natural anti-neoplastic defence mechanisms we demonstrate in the present study that single whole-body irradiations of mice with 0.1 or 0.2 Gy X-rays significantly decreased the number of the induced tumour colonies in the lungs and that the effect was ...

Jan. 10, 2007

By Inderscience Publishers

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the reproductive function of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to brominated diphenyl ether 47 (BDE‐47) at doses lower than used in previous studies. This was accomplished by evaluating the impacts of BDE‐47 exposures across multiple levels of biological organization. Breeding pairs were exposed to BDE‐47 via diet for 21 days during ...

Jan. 8, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Patancheru area near Hyderabad in India is recognized as a key link in the global supply chain for many bulk drugs. A central treatment plant receives wastewater from approximately 90 different manufacturers, and the resulting complex effluent has contaminated surface, ground, and drinking water in the region. Ecotoxicological testing of the effluent has shown adverse effects for several ...

Dec. 19, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The authors measured plasma carotenoid levels in three insectivorous bird species, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), and the great tit (Parus major) in metal‐polluted and unpolluted sites around a copper smelter. Their aim was to determine whether there was interspecific, age‐related, or yearly variation in carotenoid levels and their responses to the ...

Apr. 28, 2012

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The initial contamination of food products with pathogens is an important risk factor in microbial risk assessments. This factor contains variability and uncertainty that can be calculated from various available monitoring results. When performing dedicated quantitative risk assessments, different methods can be chosen to transform the data into probability distribution functions. This paper ...

May 13, 2008

By Inderscience Publishers

Ecological soil‐screening levels (Eco‐SSLs) were developed by the USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) for purposes of setting conservative soil screening values that can be used to eliminate the need for further ecological assessment for specific analytes at a given site. Eco‐SSLs for wildlife represent a simplified dietary exposure model solved in terms of soil ...

Jun. 18, 2014

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Ecotoxicology research on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures has principally focused on short‐term effects on reproduction, growth, and other physiological endpoints. Here, we examined the latent cognitive effects from early life exposure to low‐level PCBs in an avian model, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Thirty‐six birds, divided equally among four treatment groups ...

May 29, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Mar. 18, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) has implemented a phased approach to ecological risk assessment (ERA). The first step in this process is a screening-level ERA at each facility. Basic to this approach was the development of ecologically based screening levels (EBSLs), defined as concentrations of chemicals in soil (or other media) that are not expected to ...

Sep. 15, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers