fecal contamination Articles
-
Behavioral influences on risk of exposure to fecal contamination in low-resource neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana
Rapid urbanization in low-resource countries has led to a growing sanitation crisis, with widespread fecal contamination and risk of adverse health outcomes. Understanding how to change sanitation behaviors and reduce exposure to fecal contamination is central to Sustainable Development Goal 6. This study examines behavioral influences on fecal contamination in six low-resource neighborhoods ...
-
Effects of temperature and predator on the persistence of host-specific
Bacteroides-Prevotella genetic markers in waterGenetic markers derived from Bacteroidales spp. have been proposed as promising indicators for fecal contamination in the water environment. However, little is known about the persistency of Bacteroidales spp. 16S rRNA genetic markers in the natural environment, which hampers the precise identification of fecal contamination sources. In this study, the persistency of human-specific ...
-
Comparative microbial source tracking methods for identification of fecal contamination sources at Sunnyside Beach in the Toronto region area of concern
Several beaches within the Toronto region area of concern have persistent issues with fecal contamination, causing a beach beneficial use impairment (BUI). In this study, Escherichia coli, including ampicillin-resistant strains, were enumerated via culturable and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods. Microbial source tracking (MST) markers (for general Bacteroidales, human, ...
-
Stabilization of source-separated human urine by chemical oxidation
The inhibitory effect of ozone and hydrogen peroxide (HP) on urea hydrolysis in stored urine was investigated and compared. Ozone showed less effect on urea hydrolysis due to the complicated composition of urine (including a large amount of urease-producing bacteria) and bacteria regeneration. Ozone concentration and total heterotrophic bacteria analysis demonstrated that residual ozone ...
-
Spatial and temporal variability of fecal indicator bacteria in an urban stream under different meteorological regimes
As a representative urban stream in Korea, the Gwangju (GJ) stream suffers from chronic fecal contamination. In this study, to characterize levels of fecal pollution in the GJ stream, the monthly monitoring data for seven years (from 2001 to 2007) and the hourly monitoring data from two field experiments were examined with respect to seasonal/daily variations and spatial distribution under wet ...
-
Microbial source tracking of private well water samples across at-risk regions in southern Ontario and analysis of traditional fecal indicator bacteria assays including culture and qPCR
Many people living in rural areas rely on privately owned wells as their primary source of drinking water. These water sources are at risk for fecal contamination of human, wildlife, and livestock origin. While traditional bacteriological testing involves culture-based methods, microbial source tracking (MST) assays present an opportunity to additionally determine the source of fecal ...
-
Coliphages
Background Enteric viruses may contaminate water supplies, causing waterborne disease outbreaks, including gastroenteritis and infectious hepatitis. Microbiological quality of water is typically assessed using total and fecal coliform bacteria and or Escherichia coli as indicators of fecal contamination. However, the literature suggests that these indicators may be inadequate predictors of viral ...
-
Prevalence of virulence factors in
Escherichia coli isolated from healthy animals and water sources in BrazilThe aim of this work was to verify the presence of seven virulence factors (ST, LT, eae, stx1, stx2, INV and EAEC) among Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy humans, bovines, chickens, sheep, pigs and goats, from two sewage treatment plants and from the Tietê River. We have found a high prevalence of eae, stx1 and stx2 in ruminants. The EAEC gene was only found in humans and sewage. No ...
-
Assessing the microbial quality of a tropical watershed with an urbanization gradient using traditional and alternate fecal indicators
Urbanization affects the microbial loading into tropical streams, but its impact on water quality varies across watersheds. Rainfall in tropical environments also complicates microbial dynamics due to high seasonal and annual variations. Understanding the dynamics of fecal contamination in tropical surface waters may be further hindered by limitations from the utilization of traditional ...
-
Quantification of exposure to fecal contamination in open drains in four neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana
In low-income countries, rapid urbanization adds pressure to already stressed water and sanitation systems that are critical to the health of communities. Drainage networks, designed for stormwater but commonly used for disposing of waste, are rarely covered completely, allowing residents to easily come into contact with their contents. This study used spatial mapping, documentation of ...
-
The use of antibiotic resistance profiling as a means of tracing sources of fecal contamination in source waters
Fecal contamination of source waters and its associated intestinal pathogens continues to pose risks to public health although the extent and effect of microbial contamination of source waters gets very little attention in designing treatment plants in most developing countries. Coliform counts give an indication of the overall bacterial contamination of water and thus its safety for human ...
-
Semi-quantitative estimation of Escherichia coli levels in public drinking water sources in northern Haiti
Prior research in Milot, Haiti, documented that public water sources are commonly fecally contaminated, as indicated by the presence of Escherichia coli. However, the degree of contamination was not assessed. In this study, the degree of fecal contamination in public drinking water sources was determined. Further, the usefulness of sanitary inspection surveys to predict fecal contamination ...
-
Microbial indicators in natural biofilms developed in the riverbed
Microbial indicators such as heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli in naturally developed riverbed biofilms were investigated. Pebbles covered with natural biofilm were sampled directly from the riverbed at sampling stations ranging from the upstream region within a quasi-national park to the midstream in the urban district. Heterotrophic bacteria densities in biofilm ...
-
Source identification of fecal contamination in the canals in Bangkok using fecal sterol compounds
This study aims to apply fecal sterols as a chemical indicator to track feces contamination sources in the canals in Bangkok. The sewage and canal sediments were examined during the dry season. Fecal sterols in the canals were evaluated over a one-year period (2011–2012) for the selected sterol compounds. Several factors including season, canal water levels, rainfall data, and sewage were ...
-
Bacteroides bacteria and their bacteriophages
There are many sources that can contribute to fecal contamination in water bodies such as domestic wastewaters, wastewater treatment plants, husbandry and farms. Coliform bacteria are a group of bacteria that inhabit in the digestive tracts of human and warm-blooded animals. It can be found in human and animal feces. Therefore, the presence of coliform bacteria can indicate fecal contamination, ...
-
Fluctuation of densities of bacteriophages and
Escherichia coli present in natural biofilms and water of a main channel and a small tributaryFluctuation of bacteriophage and Escherichia coli densities in naturally developed riverbed biofilms were investigated for a 1-year period. E. coli ranged from 1,500 to 15,500 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL and from 580 to 18,500 MPN/cm2 in the main channel in the river water and biofilms, respectively. However, the fluctuations were much greater in the tributary, ranging from 0.8 to 100 ...
-
Occurrence and predictive correlations of Escherichia coli and Enterococci at Sandpoint beach (Lake St Clair), Windsor, Ontario and Holiday beach (Lake Erie), Amherstburg, Ontario
Point and nonpoint sources contribute to fecal contamination of surface waters by human pathogens that exist at low concentrations and are difficult, expensive, and/or impossible to easily detect. Therefore, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are used as surrogates in identification of fecal contamination, including Escherichia coli (EC) and Enterococcus spp. (ENT), at recreational beaches to protect ...
-
Monash University - Evaluation of New Microbial Detection Methods - Case Study
Bays, inlets and rivers provide essential ecological, economical and recreational value to the communities they serve. However, they are under constant and increasing pressure from urbanization, population growth and a changing climate. In coastal and inland regions around the world, fecal contamination remains the primary cause of closure for recreational use. Melbourne’s Yarra River and ...
-
Occurrence of norovirus and other enteric viruses in untreated groundwaters of Korea
A total of 39 water samples from 23 different groundwater wells in Korea were collected and analyzed in order to monitor the occurrence of norovirus (NoV) and other indicator microbes as the first part of a national survey of groundwater. More than 500 L of untreated groundwater were filtered through 1MDS filters. Following elution and concentration by organic flocculation, PCR and sequence ...
-
Characterization of water pollution in drainage networks using continuous monitoring data in the Citadel area of Hue City, Vietnam
In the Citadel area of Hue City, drainage systems that include canals and ponds are considerable sources of fecal contaminants to inundated water during the rainy season because canals and ponds receive untreated wastewater. It is important to investigate the characteristics of hydraulics and water pollution in canals and ponds. At the canals and ponds, water sampling was conducted during dry ...
Need help finding the right suppliers? Try XPRT Sourcing. Let the XPRTs do the work for you