fecal contamination Articles
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Effectiveness of solar disinfection (SODIS) in rural coastal Bangladesh
Scarcity of drinking water in the coastal area of Bangladesh compels the inhabitants to be highly dependent on alternative water supply options like rainwater harvesting system (RWHS), pond sand filter (PSF), and rain-feed ponds. Susceptibility of these alternative water supply options to microbial contamination demands a low-cost water treatment technology. This study evaluates the ...
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Rapid ultrafiltration concentration and biosensor detection of enterococci from large volumes of florida recreational water
Monitoring recreational waters for fecal contamination by standard methodologies involves culturing indicator bacteria, such as fecal coliforms and enterococci. Delayed reporting of microbial water quality parameters increases the likelihood of public exposure to pathogens of fecal origin, making the development of rapid methods important for public health protection. A rapid assay for ...
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Assessment of burden of virus agents in an urban sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Sewage discharge is considered to be the main source of virus contamination in aquatic environments. There is no correlation between the presence of viruses and the presence of fecal coliforms in water; therefore virological markers are needed when monitoring contamination. This study investigates DNA and RNA virus concentrations in wastewater and evaluates a potential virus marker of human ...
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Comparing wastewater chemicals, indicator bacteria concentrations, and bacterial pathogen genes as fecal pollution indicators
The objective of this study was to compare fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli [EC], and enterococci [ENT]) concentrations with a wide array of typical organic wastewater chemicals and selected bacterial genes as indicators of fecal pollution in water samples collected at or near 18 surface water drinking water intakes. Genes tested included esp (indicating ...
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Quantification of human norovirus GII, human adenovirus, and fecal indicator organisms in wastewater used for irrigation in Accra, Ghana
Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is frequently used to estimate health risks associated with wastewater irrigation and requires pathogen concentration estimates as inputs. However, human pathogens, such as viruses, are rarely quantified in water samples, and simple relationships between fecal indicator bacteria and pathogen concentrations are used instead. To provide data that can ...
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Tracking the downstream impacts of inadequate sanitation in central Appalachia
Poor sanitation in rural infrastructure is often associated with high levels of fecal contamination in adjacent surface waters, which presents a community health risk. Although microbial source tracking techniques have been widely applied to identify primary remediation needs in urban and/or recreational waters, use of human-specific markers has been more limited in rural watersheds. This ...
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Fecal contamination and Microcystis in drinking-water sources of rural Cambodia using PCR and culture-based methods
Rural communities within low-income countries frequently rely on a range of drinking-water sources, and each water source varies in its potential for biological contamination. The extent and source of biological contamination in primary drinking sources within Kien Svay, Kandal, Cambodia, were determined by fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) measurements, 16S rDNA genetic markers for human and ...
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Fecal contamination of drinking water in Kericho District, Western Kenya: role of source and household water handling and hygiene practices
Inadequate protection of water sources, and poor household hygienic and handling practices have exacerbated fecal water contamination in Kenya. This study evaluated the rate and correlates of thermotolerant coliform (TTC) household water contamination in Kericho District, Western Kenya. Culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to characterize TTCs. The disk ...
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How can you reuse your gray water?
Nowadays, the hotel services or facilities are increasing with the demands of the customers. It has been observed that the business associated with hotels have increased a lot since last decade. It indicates that the customers greatly prefer the hotel services to ensure a comfortable living. Mainly in the metro areas, there is a good demand for hotel services. Treated Gray water is safe for ...
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Culture-based indicators of fecal contamination and molecular microbial indicators rarely correlate with
Campylobacter spp. in recreational watersCampylobacter spp. are the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Most human infections result from contaminated food; however, infections are also caused by recreational waterway contamination. Campylobacter culture is technically challenging and enumeration by culture-based methods is onerous. Thus, we employed qPCR to quantify Campylobacter spp. in fresh- and marine-water samples, raw ...
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The role of process water in pathogen reduction
The USDA’s Pathogen Reduction/Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) rule in July of 1996 required all meat and poultry slaughter plants to adopt a system of process controls to prevent food safety hazards. It contained four components: standard operating procedures (SOPs) for sanitation, HACCP plans, generic E. coli testing and Salmonella performance standards. With the ...
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IAQ investigators often overlook Bacteria as the Root Cause of Occupant Complaints
Untitled Document Many investigators have been dealing with mold issues the last few years and may have been overlooking bacteria as the underlying microbial problem. Bacteria typically outnumber fungi in the indoor air and may also account for foul odor problems. Bacterial contamination of HVAC systems has also been linked to hypersensitivity pneumonitis in building occupants. ...
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DAKAR:Sanitation Status
Sanitation provision in Dakar (capital of Senegal) is relatively good by comparison with most cities in sub-Saharan Africa: most households, even in lower-income districts, have a sewerage connection or a septic tank, and these systems function reasonably ...
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Water Reuse and Pathogen Reduction Part of the Solution or Part of the Problem?
The Role of Process Water in Pathogen Reduction The USDA’s Pathogen Reduction/Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) rule in July of 1996 required all meat and poultry slaughter plants to adopt a system of process controls to prevent food safety hazards. It contained four components: standard operating procedures (SOPs) for sanitation, HACCP plans, generic E. coli testing and ...
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Microbial Water Quality and Influences of Fecal Accumulation from a Dog Exercise Area
The risk of water contamination by fecal bacteria may be increased if a watershed includes areas where feces accumulate as a result of specific land uses, such as areas where owners frequently exercise dogs. This study examined the effects of a year-round dog exercise area in the Burke Creek Recreational Area (BCRA) in the arid alpine environment of Stateline, Nevada. Burke Creek drains a small, ...
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Occurrence of bacteriophages infecting
Aeromonas ,Enterobacter , andKlebsiella in water and association with contamination sources in ThailandThe co-residence of bacteriophages and their bacterial hosts in humans, animals, and environmental sources directed the use of bacteriophages to track the origins of the pathogenic bacteria that can be found in contaminated water. The objective of this study was to enumerate bacteriophages of Aeromonas caviae (AecaKS148), Enterobacter sp. (EnspKS513), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KlpnKS648) in ...
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Residual indicator bacteria in autosampler tubing: a field and laboratory assessment
Microbial contamination in surface waters has become a worldwide cause for concern. As efforts are made to reduce this contamination, monitoring is integral to documenting and evaluating water quality improvements. Autosamplers are beneficial in such monitoring efforts, as large data sets can be generated with minimized effort. The extent to which autosamplers can be utilized for microbial ...
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Quality assessment of roof-harvested rainwater in the West Bank, Palestinian Authority
Rain harvesting is becoming more common in the Palestinian Territories as a result of drinking water scarcity. Although it might pose serious human health risk, this water is being consumed without treatment in many areas of the West Bank. The present study evaluates the physicochemical and microbial quality of harvested rainwater that is used as potable water in the West Bank. Samples from ...
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America’s Clean Water Crisis Goes Far Beyond Flint. There’s No Relief in Sight
The wheels are still attached to the house trailer that Pamela Rush calls home, but the 49-year-old mother of two is trapped. A lifelong resident of Lowndes County, Alabama, she lives off disability checks, struggling to pay the bills on a ninth-grade education. It’s hard to attribute her situation to any one cause—she was born in one of the poorest counties in one of the poorest ...
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First detection of human sapoviruses in river water in South Africa
Over a 2-year period, from January 2009 to December 2010, water samples were collected from three rivers (Klip, Rietspruit and Suikerbosrand) in the Vaal River System, South Africa. Enteric viruses were recovered by a glass wool adsorption–elution method and concentrated using polyethylene glycol/sodium chloride precipitation. Sapoviruses (SaVs) were detected using published sapovirus ...
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