fouling Articles
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Organic fouling development in a long channel RO membrane cell
This study was to experimentally investigate organic fouling development in a 1-m long RO membrane channel using alginate as a model organic compound. Five parallel local permeate fluxes with a distance interval of 20 cm along the channel were monitored continuously during the organic filtration tests. It was found that organic fouling became more severe towards the outlet of the channel. This ...
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Preparation of a fouling-resistant sustainable cathode for a single-chambered microbial fuel cell
Two different binder materials of varying water affinity, viz. poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and biocide vanillin were tested for cathode fouling in a single chamber air-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) constructed with a low-cost baked clayware cylinder and operated under fed-batch mode. PVA and PTFE loadings of 0.5 mg/cm2 were used for MFC-1 and MFC-2, ...
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Simulation of particle capture in a microfiltration membrane
The present study takes an interest in the description of the fouling mechanisms by a numerical approach at the microscopic scale. At first, an X-ray tomography has enabled the modelling of the membrane structure for the numerical simulations. Next, for different particle size, a same volume of particles has been sent in the modelled membrane and the final permeability has been computed. Thus, ...
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Fouling potentials of polysaccharides in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) assessed by lectin affinity chromatography
In this study, the fouling potentials of polysaccharides contained in mixed liquor suspension in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating municipal wastewater were investigated using lectin affinity chromatography. This investigation was carried out with different membranes to assess the effects of membrane materials on fouling potentials of polysaccharides. In lectin affinity chromatography, some ...
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Fouling problem solved
The main role of the SediMeter sensor is to measure the bottom level, in order to quantify erosion and sediment accumulation. The SediMeter sensor consists of optical backscatter detectors mounted inside a tube. They emit light through the tube and measure the reflected light. Obviously, the tube has to be reasonably clear for this to function. When the instrument was invented this was not an ...
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A novel approach using a fouling index to evaluate NOM fouling behavior in a low pressure ultrafiltration process
A fouling index (FI) was introduced as a novel approach to investigate natural organic matter (NOM) fouling behavior in a low pressure membrane ultrafiltration process. Humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA), were used in the experiments. According to FI values, fouling was caused by NOM in two steps: a fast fouling process followed by a slow one. FI of the fast ...
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Membrane biofouling mechanism in an aerobic granular reactor degrading 4-chlorophenol
The membrane fouling of an aerobic granular reactor coupled with a submerged membrane in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was evaluated. The fouling analysis was performed by applying microscopy techniques to determine the morphology and structure of the fouling layer on a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. It was found that the main cause of fouling was the polysaccharide adsorption on the ...
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Karstadt Building, Eppendorf, Hamburg - Case Study
The former Karstadt department store in Eppendorf, now a listed building, dates from the 1950s. Prior to treatment with Bird Free, the façade had become so dirty with pigeon droppings that tenants were unable to open their windows due to the foul smell. Bird Free was installed in April 2014. Six years later the building remains free of ...
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Humidur AF on bar screen of Taean power plant - Korea - Case study
The bar screen at the cool water intake of the Taean #6 power plant in South Korea suffers from heavy fouling. Once a year, divers remove the fouling manually. To avoid this costly operation, Humidur® AF has been applied as anti-fouling system. Humidur® AF protects structures years against fouling. First, the surface was prepared by means of waterjetting WJ-2M. Then a layer of ...
By Acotec NV
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Analyzing the spatial and temporal characteristics of membrane fouling
Fouling characteristics of crossflow flat-sheet membranes for two Nanofiltration (NF), one Ultrafiltration (UF), and one Microfiltration (MF) membranes were analyzed using 12.5 parts per million (mg/L) FeCl3 solution and 350 mg/L copper nanofluid. FeCl3 solution represents dissolved contaminant whereas copper nanofluid simulates particulate contaminant. The spatial and temporal fouling ...
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Washoff behavior of in-sewer deposit in combined sewer system through artificial flushing experiment
In-sewer deposits in combined sewer systems (CSSs) are closely related with the behavior of first foul flush and combined sewer overflows. However, the research paying attention to the role of in-sewer deposits is quite rare, furthermore, their contributions for the washoff patterns of each pollutant including pathogenic microorganisms are almost never discussed so far. The artificial flushing ...
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Preventing ammonium salt fouling and corrosion
Download our article here http://www.kurita.eu/en/published-articles and learn more about best practices and opportunities to reduce the risk of salt deposition and damage. This article was published in the “PTQ”, a quarterly magazine for refineries and the ...
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The removal of typical pollutants in secondary effluent by the combined process of powdered activated carbon–ultrafiltration
This paper focused on the effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosage on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane flux caused by natural organic matter (NOM). Three model foulants, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA), were adopted to represent different NOM fractions in secondary effluent treated by the combined process of PAC-UF. Moreover, the membrane fouling ...
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Cake porosity analysis using 1D–3D fractal dimensions in coagulation–microfiltration of NOM
Fouling during coagulation–ceramic microfiltration of natural organic matter was investigated. Two process configurations (inline coagulation (IC) and tank coagulation (TC)) and two process conditions (types of coagulants–aluminum-based PAX and iron-based PIX–and G-values) were studied. The rate of irreversible fouling corresponding to the increase of initial transmembrane ...
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Project - Concentration of liquids and recovery of clean water and/or raw materials
Project Description The project is focused on developing the commercial use of forward osmosis to concentrate highly fouling streams. Forward osmosis differs from traditional membrane filtration technology in its resistance to fouling and it doesn’t use any mechanical pressure or heat for the separation. This opens concentration possibilities where classical technologies fail, such as ...
By BLUE-tec BV
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Membrane chemical cleaning: from art to science
Membrane chemical cleaning is an integral part of operation for micro- and ultrafiltration systems in the water industry and has significant impact on process operations. However, this issue has not been adequately addressed primarily for two reasons: 1) cleaning protocols are typically recommended from membrane manufacturers and some cleaners are proprietary; 2) the issues of membrane fouling ...
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Ion ScaleBuster Water Conditioning - Pre Membrane Pretreatment 1 - Case Study
OVERVIEW Membrane systems require proper pre-treatment to avoid scaling and biological fouling of the membranes (which shorten membrane life expectancy and high Operation Expenditure, downtime and chemical use). WATER SYSTEM CHALLENGES Scale and fouling of the membranes require use of anti-scalants and disinfection solutions and cause not only downtime but also high operation costs (not always ...
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Characterization of ultrafiltration of undiluted and diluted stored urine
Urine ultrafiltration (UF) was studied in terms of flux, permeability, resistance and fouling. Two types of samples were used: stored urine representing the feedstock obtained from urine diversion dry toilets; and diluted stored urine representing the feedstock obtained from urinals. Three different filtration experiment sets were adopted in this study. For the first case, pressure was set in ...
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Membrane fouling caused by sub-micron particles in a mixed liquor suspension of an MBR
Membrane fouling needs to be mitigated for widespread use of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). It has been pointed out that particles with small sizes found in supernatants (sub-micron particles) of mixed liquor suspensions of MBRs are important in the evolution of membrane fouling of this technology. However, information on characteristics of sub-micron particles in MBRs is still insufficient. In ...
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Influence of membrane properties on physically reversible and irreversible fouling in membrane bioreactors
This study aimed to examine the impact of membrane properties on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR). Membrane fouling was divided into two categories: physically reversible and irreversible fouling. Membrane properties related to each type of membrane fouling were investigated separately. Five microfiltration (MF) and one ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with different properties (pore ...
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