gamma ray Articles

Determination of radium-226 in phosphate fertilisers and gypsum by gamma-ray spectrometry

The 226Ra isotope was determined in 17%, 20% and 46% phosphate fertilisers and in gypsum. The fertiliser samples were dissolved in 10% nitric acid solution. The barium sulfate method was used for the precipitation of 226Ra. An alkaline fusion method was used to separate the 226Ra from the gypsum. The 226Ra concentrations present in these materials were between 10-4 and 10-5µg ...

Sep. 15, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers
Synthesis and characterisation of CZT nanowire arrays for gamma ray detection

A single step pulsed potential electrodeposition of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) nanowires was carried out in propylene carbonate solution at 130°C onto a nanotubular TiO2 template. Various combinations of potential pulses were investigated and the electrochemical parameters were optimised to obtain nanowires with a stoichiometry of Cd0.96Zn0.04Te. The CZT nanowires showed an electrical ...

Mar. 10, 2008

By Inderscience Publishers
Analysis of gamma ray incoherent scattering for non-destructive testing

An approach for the analysis of gamma ray incoherent scattering on free and binding electrons is presented for Non-destructive Testing (NDT). The method is based on computational simulation and backscattering gamma ray measurements for carbon steel walls. The results of thickness measurements for steel walls are described by the theory of the energy transfer model.Keywords: gamma ray incoherent ...

Sep. 30, 2008

By Inderscience Publishers
A chronic very low dose of gamma–rays alters cell adhesion

The biological effects of very low doses of ionising radiation are difficult to assess. We previously observed a delay of death by lymphoma in two different mouse strains continuously irradiated (γ–rays) with a dose rate of 10 cGy year−1. Cellular mechanisms likely to lead to slowing tumour growth were explored. Human lymphoid and epithelial cell lines (HL60 ...

Jun. 6, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers
Performance of some handheld dosimeters used for gamma–ray ambient dose rate measurements

A study was carried out on the performance of some handheld dosimeters that are used for measuring ambient gamma dose rates. A CsI scintillation–based and two GM–based dosimeters were used to measure the absorbed dose rates in an indoor environment, inside a lead shield, on different floors of a building, in a desert environment and in a boat on the Arabian Gulf. The study showed that while some ...

Aug. 1, 2013

By Inderscience Publishers
The novel mechanism of metastasis inhibition by low-dose whole-body irradiation with gamma-rays

The influence of repeated 0.5 Gy whole-body gamma-ray irradiation on tumour metastasis was examined from the standpoint of tumour invasion in the B16 melanoma pulmonary metastasis model in mice. We confirmed that 0.5 Gy whole-body gamma-ray irradiation (four doses over two weeks) significantly suppressed colony formation in the lungs. In the lung tissue 24 h after irradiation, both the level of ...

Aug. 18, 2008

By Inderscience Publishers
The double action of Cd2+ in the types and frequencies of chromosomal aberrations induced in human lymphocytes exposed to gamma rays

The presence of agents that prevent repair of DNA breaks caused by irradiation can induce more breaks than not. Cadmium is a factor that may cause DNA damage and also inactivate repair enzymes. This paper describes the investigation of chromosomal aberrations induced in human lymphocytes by the combined action of cadmium and gamma rays. Four groups were investigated: Cd alone, gamma radiation ...

Apr. 26, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers
Dose-response of photographic emulsions under gamma irradiation

Photographic emulsion is irradiated under gamma rays irradiation of 137Cs in the IAEA/WHO secondary standard dosimetry laboratory. Dose-response of the film is established. The sensitivity of the film is determined. The dose-rate effect is studied and discussed.Keywords: gamma irradiation, photographic emulsions, dose response, energy transfer model, low ...

Jun. 9, 2006

By Inderscience Publishers
Safe Recycling of Municipal Sludge by Gamma Radiation

Abstract Municipal sludge contains many toxic organic materials, large number of pathogenic microorganisms, heavy metals alongside many nutrients beneficial to plant and/or animal growth, but its use is limited due to these health hazards contaminants. The technology of irradiation-pasteurization has been shown to quickly, efficiently and reliably deal with potential health hazards ...

Jun. 1, 2000
Experimental determination of dose uniformity in the CDTN gamma irradiator

This paper describes an experimental study of dose uniformity within a container used for products irradiation, in the gamma irradiation facility at Nuclear Technology Development Center (CDTN). The CDTN is a research institute of the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), Brazil. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dosimeters were used in order to determine the Dose Uniformity Ratio (DUR) inside ...

Mar. 6, 2015

By Inderscience Publishers
Characterization of modified PVDF membrane by gamma irradiation for non-potable water reuse

Poly(vinylidene fluorine) (PVDF) membranes were grafted by gamma-ray irradiation and were sulfonated by sodium sulfite to modify the surface of the membranes. The characteristics of the modified PVDF membranes were evaluated by the data of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), the contact angle of the ...

Mar. 27, 2015

By IWA Publishing
Influence of Voids on Density Measurements of Granular Materials Using Gamma Radiation Techniques

The use of gamma radiation equipment for the nondestructive measurement of soil density originated nearly four decades ago. The typical procedure involves a careful calibration of the gamma radiation counts on specimens of known density of the same materials as those whose density are to be measured. This paper presents the results of laboratory gamma-ray density measurements on 100-mm-diameter ...

Sep. 1, 1991

By ASTM International
The characterisation of gamma photon incoherent scattering on free and binding electrons by Compton spectroscopy

The incoherent scattering of 661.6 keV gamma rays in a wide range of atomic numbers was studied for 6C, 13Al, 26Fe, 29Cu, 47Ag, 48Cd and 82Pb. It was shown that for heavy elements, the scattering on binding electrons is important. Meanwhile, for light elements, the scattering on free electrons is prominent. The differential Compton scattering cross-section as well as the incoherent scattering ...

Jul. 14, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers
Assessment of the environmental outdoor gamma radiation levels in Sao Paulo City

Dose values from natural radiation sources in several sites of Sao Paulo City were assessed from environmental outdoor gamma radiation levels, by using CaSO-4:Dy thermoluminescent dosimeters. Twelve monitoring stations were placed in different regions of the town including both urban and outskirts areas and the measurements were carried out quarterly and ...

Nov. 19, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers
Suppression of carcinogenic processes in mice by chronic low dose rate gamma-irradiation

Effects of low dose rate radiation on the process of carcinogenesis induced by a chemical carcinogen were examined. ICR female mice, 35 or 36 mice for each group, were kept and exposed to 137Cs gamma-rays in the long-term low dose rate irradiation facility at the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry at a dose rate of 0.3, 0.96, or 2.5 mGy/h. Thirty-five days ...

Feb. 10, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers
Sensitivity of Cladonia substellata Vainio (lichen) to gamma irradiation and the consequent effect on limestone rocks

The lichens play an important role in decomposition of the rocky substrate, through the chemical weathering of their substances. In this paper, we wanted to determine the influence of gamma rays on usnic acid production by Cladonia substellata. Samples of lichens were exposed to gamma rays from a Co-60 source, receiving different doses on gamma irradiator. After irradiation, the lichens were ...

Aug. 31, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers
Dose response of polyvinyl alcohol films dyed by methyl red under gamma irradiation

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) films containing Methyl Red (MR) were prepared by the cast drying of an aqueous solution of the constituents. Irradiation was performed in air at room temperature with 60Co gamma rays at a dose rate of 0.9 kGy/h. The characteristics of the films were analysed by a spectrophotometer and densitometer. The dose response of the films was described by the energy transfer model. ...

Oct. 12, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers
Measurements of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using gamma spectrometry to assess a first-order exposure risk for residents of Western Haryana, India

The measurements of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using gamma spectrometry and measurements of radon concentration and exhalation rates using solid-state nuclear track (LR-115, Type-II plastic) detectors were used to assess a first-order exposure risk for people residing in the Fatehbad and Hissar districts in Western Haryana, India. The concentrations of radium, thorium and potassium in the soil samples ...

Aug. 12, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers
Analysis of low-angle X-ray scattering profiles from irradiated blood samples

The Transfusion-Associated Graft-Versus-Host Disease (TA-GVHD) is a serious potential complication of blood transfusions that is essentially prevented by blood product irradiation. In this study, scattering profiles from lyophilised and irradiated samples of plasma (PL) and formed elements (MC) were compared with non-irradiated ones. Fresh blood specimens were obtained from volunteers by vein ...

Nov. 19, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers
Effect of low doses and low dose-rates of gamma radiation on DNA damage in human peripheral blood leukocytes using comet assay

Comet assay is a sensitive technique and it provides a unique opportunity to investigate intercellular differences in DNA damage and repair in any eukaryotic cell population. This assay can be used to detect DNA single strand breaks, alkali-labile sites and incomplete DNA repair sites, under alkaline conditions and DNA double strand breaks under neutral condition. We report here our observations ...

Oct. 3, 2005

By Inderscience Publishers

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