grazing Articles
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Micro-zooplankton grazing as a means of fecal bacteria removal in stormwater BMPs
A priority for environmental managers is control of stormwater runoff pollution, especially fecal microbial pollution. This research was designed to determine if fecal bacterial grazing by micro-zooplankton is a significant control on fecal bacteria in aquatic best management practices (BMPs); if grazing differs between a wet detention pond and a constructed wetland; and if environmental ...
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Endangered Species Conservation
In late 2015, WKC was engaged to provide expert advice related to the conservation of Persian Wonder Gecko at a proposed development site in Dubai, UAE. Within Arabia, Persian Wonder Gecko (Teratoscincus scincus keyserlingii) are restricted to the UAE and are significantly threatened by habitat loss due to urban development and over-grazing. These reptiles are currently listed as Critically ...
By WKC Group
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X-ray analysis of strain, composition and elastic energy in Ge islands on Si(001)
X-ray diffraction techniques have been extensively employed to study several structural and chemical properties of self-assembled islands. In this review we discuss recent results on Ge islands grown on Si(001). Grazing incidence diffraction is used to map the strain distribution of Ge pyramids and domes. By tuning the X-ray energy near the Ge K edge – to perform anomalous diffraction ...
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Environmental degradation and conflict in Karamoja, Uganda: the decline of a pastoral society
Throughout history, the Karamojong people of northeastern Uganda practiced a method of pastoralism. Limited surface water, a hot, arid climate, and a short season of torrential rains guarantee excessive soil erosion and land degradation. However, the Karamojong's mobility ensured that their herds grazed throughout the year without jeopardising future grazing. Despite their ecologically ...
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Regular arrays of palladium and palladium–gold clusters supported on ultrathin alumina films: stability under oxygen
Grazing Incidence Small Angle X–ray Scattering (GISAXS) studies were conducted to determine the effect of oxygen on regular arrays of mono (Pd)– and bimetallic (Pd–Au) clusters. Unlike bimetallic Pd–Au particles, pure palladium clusters are not stable at a partial oxygen pressure of 10−6 mbar. A comparison of the experimental data with Fourier transforms of known distributions reveals that Pd ...
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A comparison of rainfall-runoff modelling approaches for estimating impacts of rural land management on flood flows
There is a requirement for predictive tools to assist in land management and flood risk planning, and a variety of tools have been proposed recently. We compare four tools developed under various UK research programmes. The strengths and limitations of the tools are reviewed, model performances on historic data are assessed, and the methods are applied to estimating flood flows of 5- and ...
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Stress tolerance and persistence of perennial grasses: the role of the summer dormancy trait in temperate Australia
The significantly lower annual rainfall experienced in Australia over the past decade together with projections of long-term climate change has placed increased emphasis on the use of pasture plants with superior tolerance to environmental stress, particularly drought, to ensure persistence for the grazing industries. Summer dormancy is one of the more important traits that grasses have to adapt ...
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Improving Rangeland Productivity and Sustainability with Satellite Imagery & AI Technology
Satellite imagery can be used to detect overgrazing and biomass of rangeland forage. Earth Observation data combined with Deep Planet’s AI platform provides highly accurate predictions, more frequently and at much greater scale than traditional manual monitoring is capable of, helping to inform better management decisions at a fraction of the time and cost. Rangelands: Grasslands are ...
By Deep Planet
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Effects of road deicer (NACL) and amphibian grazers on detritus processing in pond mesocosms
Road deicers have been identified as potential stressors in aquatic habitats throughout the United States and we know little regarding associated impacts to ecosystem function. A critical component of ecosystem function that has not previously been evaluated with respect to freshwater salinization is the impact on organic matter breakdown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cumulative ...
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Effect of defoliation severity on regrowth and nutritive value of perennial ryegrass dominant swards
The height or mass to which swards are defoliated can potentially affect regrowth. A field study was undertaken to determine the response of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) dominant swards to defoliation severity over repeated defoliations during a period of low water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) accumulation (late spring to mid-autumn due to active leaf growth and relatively high ...
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Sedimentation of chlorophylls in an Arctic fjord under freshwater discharge
Sedimentation of chlorophylls was studied during summer 1997 in Adventfjorden (Spitsbergen, Arctic). During the period of study, the water column was found to be well stratified by a freshened surface layer (salinity <31 PSS). A high load of suspended particulate matter from riverine discharge reduced the euphotic zone to an interval of 0.4–1.1m. Total particulate matter sedimentation rates were ...
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Effects of Biomanipulation on Fish and Plankton Communities in Ten Eutrophic Lakes of Southern Finland
The effects of biomanipulation were studied in ten Finnish lakes to determine responses in fish and plankton communities and water quality after mass removal of cyprinids. From 1997 to 2001, the fish communities shifted from the dominance of large cyprinids to an explosion of small cyprinids and a higher proportion of piscivores in effectively biomanipulated lakes (>200 kg ha-1 3 yr-1). The ...
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Microstructural characterisation of Cr/CrN nano–multilayers produced by unbalanced magnetron sputtering
The production of Cr/CrN nano–multilayers through the unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBM) technique was presented, and the influence of the unbalance degree on microstructure was studied. X–ray diffraction (XRD) was used to study phase formation in the coatings, and the presence of a multilayer structure was confirmed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Total thickness was measured ...
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Biodegradation of microcystins by bacterial communities co-existing with the flagellate
Monas guttula and concurrent succession of community structuresGrazing on Microcystis by the flagellate Monas guttula causes simultaneous degradation of microcystins (MCs) produced by Microcystis in culture. Although the MC-degrading bacterial strains that co-exist with M. guttula have been isolated, it is still unknown if the MC-degrading bacteria can degrade MCs within the indigenous bacterial community co-existing with M. guttula. To investigate this, we ...
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Integrated Water Management in Senegal
This past June the Wetlands International Supervisory Council met for the first time in Senegal where they made field visits to a number of sites, including the Ndiael Special Avifauna Reserve. The Ndiael area, a complex wetland of great value in the Sahelian zone of Africa, has over the last decades been degraded due to the diversion of water supplies upstream. The reduced water flows and ...
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Estimating water yield response to land use in the Namoi catchment of the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia
The Namoi catchment is an intensively developed irrigation area in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) and has a mixture of land use types including cropping, pasture and forests. It is yet to implement an integrated groundwater and surface water management system. The Soil Water Assessment Tool was applied for the Namoi to estimate surface runoff and groundwater contribution to streams. SWAT ...
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Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana
Abstract. In the Okavango Delta (about 28,000 km2) the number of identified species is 1,300 for plants, 71 for fish, 33 for amphibians, 64 for reptiles, 444 for birds, and 122 for mammals. The local occurrence of different species of these taxonomic groups in the Okavango Delta is mainly due to a hydrological gradient from permanent streams and swamps to seasonal floodplains, riparian ...
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Effect of triclosan on protozoa in wastewater treating bioreactors
The effect of antimicrobial chemical, triclosan (TCS) on protozoa present in aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors for wastewater treatment is reported in this study. Bioreactor sludge ciliated protozoa such as Spirostomum, Cyclidium and Colpoda and flagellated protozoa Mastigella were exposed to TCS at 1 mg/L level in batch cultures. The response of TCS on protozoa was followed by microscopic ...
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From macroplastic to microplastic: Degradation of high‐density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene in a salt marsh habitat
As part of the degradation process, it is believed that most plastic debris becomes brittle over time, fragmenting into progressively smaller particles. The smallest of these particles, known as microplastics, have been receiving increased attention because of the hazards they present to wildlife. To understand the process of plastic degradation in an intertidal salt marsh habitat, strips ...
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Changes in chemical and physical properties of stream water across an urban-rural gradient in western Georgia
The Middle Chattahoochee River Watershed in western Georgia is undergoing rapid urban development. Consequently, Georgia’s water quality is threatened by extensive development as well as other land uses such as grazing. Maintenance of stream water quality, as land development occurs, is critical for the protection of drinking water, biotic integrity, and stream morphology. A two-phase, ...
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