greywater treatment Articles

A review of greywater characteristics and treatment processes

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of different characteristics of greywater (GW) and current treatment methods. GW is domestic wastewater excluding toilet waste and can be classified as either low-load GW (excluding kitchen and laundry GW) or high-load GW (including kitchen and/or laundry). This review provides information on the quantity of GW produced, its constituents ...

Apr. 4, 2013

By IWA Publishing
Physicochemical treatment of office and public buildings greywater

The current study analyses the performance of deep sand filtration of greywater from an office building and the performance of a combined physicochemical process comprising of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration. Raw greywater quality exhibited very high variability with average turbidity of 35 NTU, and TSS, CODt, and BOD of 45, 240, 75 mg/l respectively. The stand-alone filter removed 50 ...

Nov. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing
Greywater recycling system

Every new home should have a Grey Water Recycling System! This innovative new product allows you to re-use your greywater (previously wasted) and recycle it for use on your gardens or reuse back through the toilets for flushing or in the laundry. Right now this is so important with low water levels, and water prices and council restrictions on the increase. The Ozzi Kleen GTS10 Greywater system's ...

Sep. 2, 2009

By Ozzi Kleen Water & Waste Water
Greywater treatment in an aerobic SBR: sludge structure and kinetics

In order to have an efficient operation, sequencing batch reactors (SBR) must support granular biomass with high conversion rates, settling properties, and be able to deal with the inherent variability of the composition of real wastewaters. In this study, the effect of the influent composition and the specific organic loading rate (Bx) on the granulation process was evaluated in two SBRs, ...

Jun. 12, 2017

By IWA Publishing
Treatment and potential reuse of greywater from schools: a pilot study

This study presented performance data on a low cost and easy maintenance pilot system for on-site treatment and reuse of water collected from wash sinks and fountains, as major sources of greywater (GW) at schools. Various treatment options were studied including screening, sand filtration, chlorination, and UV disinfection operated at different flow rates. Results showed that filtration ...

Feb. 20, 2017

By IWA Publishing
Membrane process treatment for greywater recycling: investigations on direct tubular nanofiltration

On-site greywater recycling and reuse is one of the main ways to reduce potable water requirement in urban areas. Direct membrane filtration is a promising technology to recycle greywater on-site. This study aimed at selecting a tubular nanofiltration (NF) membrane and its operating conditions in order to treat and reuse greywater in buildings. To do so, a synthetic greywater (SGW) was ...

Oct. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing
Treatment of domestic greywater by geotextile filter and intermittent sand filtration bioreactor

Intermittent sand filtration (ISF) is an efficient system for treatment of greywater; however, the high quality of effluent and the simple set-up contrast with the high failure rate due to clogging of surface layers. The efficacy of several polypropylene non-woven geotextiles (apparent opening size from 0.10 to 0.18 mm) used as primary treatment filters to remove suspended particles from ...

Mar. 13, 2015

By IWA Publishing
Solar disinfection for the post-treatment of greywater by means of a continuous flow reactor

SODIS (solar disinfection) is a low-cost alternative for water decontamination. The method is based on the exposure of water, contained in PET bottles, to direct sunlight, and mainly its UV-A and infrared components. The present research studied SODIS as a low cost alternative for the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in treated greywater, aiming at its reuse for more ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing
Greywater treatment with biological aerated filter (BAF) for urban water reuse

Greywater is an excellent resource for service water in intra-urban reuse. By substituting fresh water with appropriately treated greywater, it is possible to save 30–50% of fresh water. In this paper, an up-flow pilot biological aerated filter (BAF) is tested for the treatment of synthetic greywater and the design parameters are determined. An organic load of 8▒kg▒COD/(m3▒d) allows to achieving ...

Jan. 1, 1900

By IWA Publishing
Household greywater treatment methods using natural materials and their hybrid system

Discharge of household greywater into water bodies can lead to an increase in contamination levels in terms of the reduction in dissolved oxygen resources and rapid bacterial growth. Therefore, the quality of greywater has to be improved before the disposal process. The present review aimed to present a hybrid treatment system for the greywater generated from households. The hybrid system ...

Jul. 28, 2016

By IWA Publishing
Greywater treatment by granular filtration system using volcanic tuff and gravel media

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a granular filtration system (GFS) in greywater treatment under arid and semi-arid conditions. Six GFSs were designed, constructed, and monitored for approximately 13 months. Each GFS served a single rural Jordanian home by treating their greywater. Volcanic tuff media were used as the filtration media in three of the GFSs ...

Feb. 27, 2017

By IWA Publishing
Modelling of moving bed biofilm membrane reactors (MBBMR) for on-site greywater treatment

The study evaluates with a mechanistic model the pilot plant results of a combined moving bed biofilm process and membrane filtration (MBBMR) treating single household greywater. It mainly includes the simulation of reactor hydraulics, degradation of pollutants, development of biomass and settlement of sludge. Iterative calibration was made with steady-state results of a 10-month pilot test. The ...

Apr. 27, 2015

By IWA Publishing
Greywater treatment for reuse: comparison of reuse options using analytic hierarchy process

The objective of the present study was to: (i) examine the performance of two-stage sand filtration and the effect of coagulants on greywater (GW) characteristics; (ii) assess the quality of treated GW for reuse; and (iii) compare reuse options using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Four treatment options were examined on site. The first option was related to two-stage sand filtration ...

Sep. 14, 2015

By IWA Publishing
Presence of selected priority and personal care substances in an onsite bathroom greywater treatment facility

In recent years, concerns about climate change and the inefficient use and ongoing pollution of water resources have increased the political motivation to encourage water recycling. This has led to the widespread introduction of water saving measures and to advances in the decentralised treatment and reuse of wastewater. In particular, the treatment and reuse of greywater has received attention, ...

Dec. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing
Opportunities and challenges for greywater treatment and reuse in Mongolia: lessons learnt from piloted systems

In Mongolia, as worldwide, communities are challenged by water scarcity, depletion and pollution. Greywater treatment and reuse could partially meet water demand and help protect the environment and health. In March 2010, greywater from six randomly sampled households in the Ger areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, was analyzed followed by the development of three innovative treatment systems: an ...

Sep. 5, 2014

By IWA Publishing
Simulation and verification of hydraulic properties and organic matter degradation in sand filters for greywater treatment

To evaluate the treatment performance of vertical flow sand filters, the HYDRUS wetland module was used to simulate treatment in an experimental set-up. The laboratory filters were intermittently dosed with artificial greywater at a hydraulic loading rate of 0.032 m3 m−2 day−1 and an organic loading rate of 0.014 kg BOD5 m−2 ...

Feb. 26, 2015

By IWA Publishing
Green walls for greywater treatment and recycling in dense urban areas: a case-study in Pune

This paper describes a pilot installation of a green wall treating greywater from an office building in Pune, Maharashtra State (NaWaTech project). The pilot installation is located at the main entrance of the state agency responsible for water supply and sanitation. The experimental analysis is in two phases. First phase analysed the results from green walls filled only with LECA® ...

May 31, 2016

By IWA Publishing
Reliability of on-site greywater treatment systems in Mediterranean and arid environments – a case study

On-site greywater (GW) treatment and reuse is gaining popularity. However, a main point of concern is that inadequate treatment of such water may lead to negative environmental and health effects. Maintenance of single-family home GW systems is usually performed by home owners with limited professional support. Therefore, unless GW systems are reliable, environmental and public health might be ...

Mar. 18, 2013

By IWA Publishing
Semicentralized greywater and blackwater treatment for fast growing cities: how uncertain influent characteristics might affect the treatment processes

The SEMIZENTRAL infrastructure approach has been developed for fast growing cities, to meet their challenges regarding water supply as well as biowaste and wastewater (WW) treatment. The world's first full-scale SEMIZENTRAL Resource Recovery reference plant has been implemented in Qingdao (PR China). Greywater (GW) and blackwater (BW) are collected and treated separately. Measurement of ...

Jan. 25, 2017

By IWA Publishing
Quantification and characterization of greywater from schools

Survey of schools of different education levels (primary, intermediate and secondary) in Kuwait showed an average greywater generation rate of 7.3 L/p/d and varied in the range of 2.9–16 l/p/d, reflecting the school level of education (i.e. student age). The highest rates were observed for primary schools while the lowest rates were observed in secondary schools where students are more mature ...

Aug. 8, 2015

By IWA Publishing

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