hydrological observation Articles
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Hydrological evidence and causes of seasonal low water levels in a large river-lake system: Poyang Lake, China
Seasonal variations in local catchments and connected rivers lead to complex hydrological behaviours in river-lake systems. Poyang Lake is a seasonally dynamic lake with frequent low levels in spring and autumn, which may be triggered by the local catchment and Yangtze River. Based on two typical years, a hydrodynamic model combined with long term hydrological observations was applied to ...
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Streamflow prediction in ungauged basins through geomorphology-based hydrograph transposition
Geomorphology-based rainfall–runoff models are particularly helpful for predicting hydrology in ungauged basins. The robustness, generality and flexibility of the modelling approach make it able to deal with a wide variety of processes, events and scales. It allows a rainfall–runoff transfer function to be estimated for any basin without needing to measure discharge. The aim of ...
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The hydrological performance of bioretention cells in regions with cold climates: seasonal variation and implications for design
Three bioretention cells in Norway were monitored for 23 to 36 months to evaluate the hydrological performance of bioretention cells operated in regions with cold climates and to test if cell size equations can be used to predict hydrological performance. Values of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) were determined for separate events by analyzing the observed infiltration rates and via ...
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HydroUnits: supporting dimensional analysis in hydrologic computing systems using sensor-based standards
Unit representation in the Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) specified in the IEEE 1451 standards is a binary sequence of 10 octets that encode the physical units as a product of the seven Système International base units, plus radian and steradian, each raised to a rational power in addition to an unsigned integer indicating the structure of the unit. While this representation seems ...
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Comparing classical performance measures with signature indices derived from flow duration curves to assess model structures as tools for catchment classification
The ability of a hydrological model to reproduce observed streamflow can be represented by a large variety of performance measures. Although these metrics may suit different purposes, it is unclear which of them is most appropriate for a given application. Our objective is to investigate various performance measures to assess model structures as tools for catchment classification. For this ...
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Improving surface-based precipitation phase determination through air mass boundary identification
Most hydrological models apply one empirical formula based on surface air temperature for precipitation phase determination. This approach is flawed as surface precipitation phase results from energy exchanges between falling precipitation and air in the lower atmosphere. Different lower atmospheric conditions cause different precipitation phase probabilities for near-freezing temperatures. Often ...
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Assessment of climate change impacts on the hydrology of the Lech Valley in northern Alps
The objective of this investigation is to assess the impacts of climate change on the hydrology of the Lech Valley (1,000 km2), a sub-catchment of the Danube River basin located in the northern Alps. An ensemble of nine climate projections is used to simulate the climate of a mid-21st-century scenario period (2040–2069) and an end-21st-century scenario period (2070–2099). The delta change ...
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Progress on water data integration and distribution: a summary of select US Geological Survey data systems
Critical water-resources issues ranging from flood response to water scarcity make access to integrated water information, services, tools, and models essential. Since 1995 when the first water data web pages went online, the US Geological Survey has been at the forefront of water data distribution and integration. Today, real-time and historical streamflow observations are available via web ...
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Data is the new water: Data revolution to ensure no one is left behind and achieve SDG 6
As countries across the world increasingly experience water scarcity, the ‘water-is-the-new-oil’ adage has come to the fore thousand times. So too has ‘data-is-the-new-oil’, this time to reflect the immense commercial value of data in a global digital economy. If we were to think of data as the new water instead, it may take us to ponder over the way data can help ...
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A grid-based integrated surface–groundwater model (GISMOD)
A distributed hydrological model, the Grid-based Integrated Surface-groundwater MODel (GISMOD), was developed to simulate hydrological processes by considering water interaction among different soil layers. The model integrates six modules. Basic information on catchment, such as the flow direction and the drainage network, can be obtained automatically from digital elevation model (DEM) data ...
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WaterML2.0: development of an open standard for hydrological time-series data exchange
The increasing global demand on freshwater is resulting in nations improving their terrestrial water monitoring and reporting systems to better understand the availability, and quality, of this valuable resource. A barrier to this is the inability for stakeholders to share information relating to water observations data: traditional hydrological information systems have relied on internal ...
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Dynamic simulation of sediment resuspension and its effect on water quality in Lake Taihu, China
Quantitative studies on sediment release fluxes and their impact on water quality are important for water pollution control, ecological restoration, water safety, and human health. In this study, we conducted high-frequency, synchronous field observations of meteorology, hydrology, and water quality to determine the relationship between sediment release rate and wind speed in the central ...
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A new hydrological balance and water management issues in Zakynthos Island, Greece
The use of groundwater resources in Zakynthos Island in the Ionian Sea at central Mediterranean has become extremely intensive during the last decades, due to the high rate of urbanisation, tourist development and irrigated land expansion and is estimated being 15 hm 3 /year. Different methods are being required when water-related sustainability issues are examined like development analysis, ...
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Quantitative analysis of runoff reduction in the Laohahe basin
In order to determine the reason for runoff reduction, daily natural runoff series were restored using a conceptual rainfall–runoff model. The period of 1970–1979 was regarded as a base period with little human activity; model parameters for each subcatchment within the Laohahe basin were calibrated for this period. The effects of human activity and climate change on runoff were quantified by ...
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Linking environment and livelihood: process and impact of hydrological drought in the Usangu-Mtera ecosystem, Tanzania
Environmental sustainability is one of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for sustainable development. Since 1993, Tanzania experienced hydrological drought in Mtera reservoir, which impacted sustainability of socio-economic development and livelihoods of the people. The causes and process of the hydrological drought occurrence for energy generation are contested among the ...
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Response in the trophic state of stratified lakes to changes in hydrology and water level: potential effects of climate change
To determine how climate-induced changes in hydrology and water level may affect the trophic state (productivity) of stratified lakes, two relatively pristine dimictic temperate lakes in Wisconsin, USA, were examined. Both are closed-basin lakes that experience changes in water level and degradation in water quality during periods of high water. One, a seepage lake with no inlets or outlets, has ...
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Groundwater Flow in Arsenic-Contaminated Aquifer, Mekong Delta, Cambodia
ABSTRACT To advance understanding of hydrologies I influences on As concentrations within groundwaters of Southeast Asia, the flow system of an As-rich aquifer on the Mekong Delta in Cambodia where flow patterns have not been disturbed by irrigation well pumping was examined. Monitoring of water levels in a network of installed wells, extending over a 50knr area, indicates that groundwater flow ...
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Water Level Sensors: Applications, Operation and Types
What is a Water Level Sensor? A water level sensor is an essential instrument that monitors the water level in various containers, tanks, and reservoirs. These devices employ different technologies to measure water levels accurately, making them indispensable in industrial, municipal, and environmental applications. Water Level Applications Water level sensors find applications across various ...
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