in vitro Articles
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Reconstitution of iron oxidase from sulfur-grown acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
The iron oxidation system from sulfur-grown Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 cells was reconstituted in vitro. Purified rusticyanin, cytochrome c, and aa3-type cytochrome oxidase were essential for reconstitution. The iron-oxidizing activity of the reconstituted system was 3.3-fold higher than that of the cell extract from which these components were purified. ...
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Short peptide induces an `uncultivable` microorganism to grow in vitro
Microorganisms comprise the bulk of biodiversity, but only a small fraction of this diversity grows on artificial media. This phenomenon was noticed almost a century ago, repeatedly confirmed, and termed the 'great plate count anomaly.' Advances in microbial cultivation improved microbial recovery but failed to explain why most microbial species do not grow in vitro. Here we show that at least ...
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Adenovirus Type B Detection Using the xxpress qPCR Thermal Cycler
The Primerdesign genesig® Adenovirus Type B (AdVB) Kit is designed for the in vitro quantification of AdVB genomes. The kit is designed to remain specific to this genome whilst offering the broadest detection profile possible. This paper investigates the performance of this kit as well as its compatibility with the ultrafast xxpress® qPCR thermal cycler through performing standard ...
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Implications of in vitro bioaccessibility differences for the assessment of risks of metals to bats
Food chain modelling is often used to assess the risks of chemical contaminants to wildlife. In the modelling, it is often assumed that bioaccessibility from different dietary components is similar. The present study, therefore explored differences in the in vitro bioaccessibility of metals from a range of insect orders, which are common components of the diet of insectivorous bats, and ...
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Total phenol content of guava fruit and development of an in vitro regeneration protocol amenable to genetic improvement
Total soluble phenolics in two white ('Allahabad Safeda' and 'Lucknow49'), two pink ('Beaumont' and 'Gushiken Sweet'), and three red fleshed ('Ka Hua Kola', 'Ruby Supreme' and 'Red Fleshed') guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits were assessed using the FolinCiocalteu procedure. 'Allahabad Safeda' and 'Ruby Supreme' contained the highest level of phenols (1,967.5 and 1,921.25 g/g gallic acid ...
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Decreasing lead bioaccessibility in industrial and firing range soils with Phosphate-based amendments
In–situ stabilization using phosphate (P) amendments, such as P-based fertilizers and rock, are a potentially cost-effective and minimally disruptive alternative for stabilizing Pb in soils. We examined the effect of time (0–365 d), in vitro extraction pH (1.5 vs. 2.3), and dosage of three P-based amendments on the bioaccessibility (as a surrogate for oral bioavailability) of Pb in 10 soils from ...
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Subfunctionality of hydride transferases of the old yellow enzyme family of flavoproteins of pseudomonas putida
To investigate potential complementary activities of multiple enzymes belonging to the same family within a single microorganism, we chose a set of Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) homologs of Pseudomonas putida. The physiological function of these enzymes is not well established; however, an activity associated with OYE family members from different microorganisms is their ability to reduce ...
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an injectable premixed calcium phosphate cement; cell viability and immunological response from rat
By using premixed calcium phosphate cement (CPC) the handling properties of the cement are drastically improved, which is a challenge for traditional injectable CPC. In this article, a premixed acidic CPC has been compared to a conventional water mixed brushite cement to evaluate whether the premixed concept affects the biological response. The cements were evaluated regarding the pH-variation in ...
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Evaluation of two in vitro protocols for determination of mercury bioaccessibility: influence of mercury fractionation and soil properties
Received for publication November 10, 2008. Soil ingestion by children can be a significant exposure pathway to mercury (Hg). Unfortunately, no reliable in vivo results for Hg oral bioavailability determination in soils have been published. In vitro extractions enable the assessment of metals' bioaccessibility, which is an estimate of oral bioavailability. Therefore, the goal of this study was to ...
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Mbd4-mediated glycosylase activity on a chromatin template is enhanced by acetylation
The ability of the MBD4 glycosylase to excise a mismatched base from DNA has been assessed in vitro using DNA substrates with different extents of cytosine methylation, in the presence or absence of reconstituted nucleosomes. Despite the enhanced ability of MBD4 to bind to methylated cytosines, the efficiency of its glycosylase activity on T/G mismatches was slightly dependent on the extent of ...
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Low dose response of human lymphocytes in vitro and its dependence on the antioxidant status of donor persons
The individual responses of persons were studied in vitro by lymphocyte micronucleus assay following X-irradiations of 0.7 and 0.25 Gy. Linear correlations of a different coefficient, R, were found with the normal total antioxidant level (TAS value) of the donors' sera: the higher the antioxidant status the less the radiation-induced micronucleus increment. The cytogenetic effect of low doses ...
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The mtt [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay is a fast and reliable method for colorimetric determination of fungal cell densities
The entomopathogenic fungus Neozygites parvispora (Entomophthorales: Zygomycetes) grows in vitro as irregularly rod-shaped hyphal bodies in a complex medium. In order to simplify the medium composition and determine growth-promoting compounds for the cultivation of this fungus, we were looking for a rapid and quantitative method to estimate the number of living cells in small volumes of liquid ...
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Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum by Medium-Pressure Ultraviolet Light in Finished Drinking Water
Untitled Document The inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in finished drinking water by medium-pressure UV light (200-300 nm) has been investigated at both the bench scale, using a collimated beam apparatus, and at the demonstration scale, using a Calgon Carbon Corporation Sentinel™ system at the Mannheim Water Treatment Plant, Kitchener, ON, Canada. The ...
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Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum by Medium-Pressure Ultraviolet Light in Finished Drinking Water
The inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum in finished drinking water by medium-pressure UV light (200-300 nm) has been investigated at both the bench scale, using a collimated beam apparatus, and at the demonstration scale, using a Calgon Carbon Corporation Sentinel™ system at the Mannheim Water Treatment Plant, Kitchener, ON, Canada. The viability of the oocysts was assessed using both in vitro ...
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OECD Evaluates Application of In Vitro Methods for Human Hazard Assessment in OECD Testing Program for Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials
Abstract: The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has published a March 23, 2018, report entitled Evaluation of in vitro methods for human hazard assessment applied in the OECD Testing Programme for the Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has published a March 23, 2018, report entitled Evaluation of in ...
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Instability of the technology strategy and building of the first strategic capabilities in a large Mexican firm
The transition process from building a minimum knowledge base to deploying the first strategic capabilities is a neglected issue in the literature on technological accumulation in Latin American firms. This paper analyses three organisational processes that may affect this stage and discusses the role of an unstable firm's technology strategy in influencing such processes. Based on a detailed ...
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In vitro physicochemical evaluation of DNA nanoparticles
We aim to characterise in vitro physiochemical behaviour of DNA nanoparticles that have been developed by our research group based on the biodegradable natural polymers with metal coordination. A polysaccharide, pullulan, was chosen as the vector of plasmid DNA. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) was chemically introduced to the hydroxyl groups of dextran to obtain pullulan-DTPA. When ...
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Mating and pathogenic development of the smut fungus ustilago maydis are regulated by one mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade
In the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis, pheromone-mediated cell fusion is a prerequisite for the generation of the infectious dikaryon. The pheromone signal elevates transcription of the pheromone genes and elicits formation of conjugation hyphae. Cyclic AMP and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling are involved in this process. The MAPK cascade is presumed to be composed of ...
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A practical approach to determine dose metrics for nanomaterials
Doses of conventional chemical substances in toxicity studies are traditionally described by administered mass. For deriving toxic doses of nanomaterials, mass and chemical composition alone may not be an adequate description of the dose as particles with the same chemical composition can have completely different toxic mass doses, depending on properties such as particle size. Other dose ...
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