Kjeldahl Articles
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TKN determination in water and waste water (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen)
Colorimetric determination of TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen) in water and waste water according to the Kjeldahl method The determination of TKN (total Kjeldahl nitrogen) in water and waste water is a routine procedure for quality assurance and inspection. Here, a reliable procedure for the colorimetric TKN determination in water, according to ISO 5663, AOAC 973.48, and EPA 351.3 is introduced. ...
By BUCHI
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TKN determination in water and waste water
Determination of TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen) in Water and Waste Water according to the Kjeldahl Method. The determination of TKN in water and waste water is a routine procedure for quality assurance. A simple and fast procedure for the TKN determination in water, according to ISO 5663, AOAC 973.48 and EPA 351.3, is introduced below. The sample is digested with sulfuric acid and the Kjeldahl ...
By BUCHI
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Selective nitrogen determination methods related to Kjeldahl
KjelMaster System K-375 / K-376, KjelDigester K-449, Scrubber K-415 85 % of the world’s nitrogen demand for fertilizer is primarily derived from ammonia in the form of urea, ammonium nitrate, phosphate and sulfate. Ammoniacal components can also be found in soil, sludge and bio waste. In those sample matrices, a mixture of several nitrogen containing compounds as urea, nitrogen from other ...
By BUCHI
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TKN/Ammonia in Water & Wastewater by Steam Distillation
The determination of total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) in water and waste water is a routine procedure used to ensure water quality. A simple and fast procedure for TKN determination as described in ISO 5663-1984, EPA 351.3, and AOAC 973.48 regulations, is introduced below. The sample is digested with sulfuric acid using the SpeedDigester K-436 or K-439, followed by distillation and titration with ...
By BUCHI
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Nitrogen Determination in Tobacco
Nitrogen Determination in Tobacco according to the Kjeldahl Method It is considered that flavour and taste of smoke is correlated with the nitrogenous constituents. Accordingto Indian Central Tobacco Reseach Institute (CTRI) fluecured tobacco containing 1.6 to 2.3 % total nitrogen gives the most satisfying smoke, whereas the acceptable limit of total nitrogen is 1.0-3.0 %. High level of ...
By BUCHI
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Eliminate TKN Digestions and Obtain Better Nutrient Data
Nitrogen and Phosphorus are the principal elements referred to when discussing nutrient pollution. Current, and past, efforts to control these pollutants have been generally inadequate. Efforts to date have been predominantly “regulation at the pipe” and have not addressed the non-point sources that are the root cause of elevated concentrations of nutrients in ground and surface ...
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Be a Food Analysis Champion - Save time with efficient incoming goods inspection
New BUCHI campaign delivers 3 e-booklets to create Food Analysis Champions! Every day, food producers undergo myriad processes and procedures designed to achieve a quality product and (hopefully) a profitable business. The loading docks and warehouse serve as initial points of contact for ingredients and foodstuffs that will become integrated into delicious (and sometimes nutritious) food ...
By BUCHI
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How to Achieve Low Detection and Quantification Limits for the Nitrogen Determination with Kjeldahl
Kjeldahl is one of the most commonly used techniques to determine the protein content in food and feed samples or the nitrogen content in soil, sludge, and water samples. The detection and quantification limits are important characteristics of analytical methods. The impact of the concentration of boric acid, the addition of potassium chloride, and the concentration of the titration solution on ...
By BUCHI
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Effect on maturity and nutritional parameters during vermicomposting of Municipal Solid Waste
Municipal solid wastes are the residue facing restrictive legislation with respect to landfill disposal of the biodegradable fraction. One of the frequent problem is that the compost maturity of these residues are not achieved due to the high C : N ratio. The present research work shows the effect on compost maturity and nutritional parameters of compost, during vermicomposting. The various ...
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Removal of Congo red from textile wastewater by ozonation
Congo red, which has a complex molecular structure with various diazo aromatic groups, is widely used in textile industry as an anionic dye. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degradation of Congo red in laboratory solution which had the chemical properties of the rinse waters of textile manufacturing dye-houses and the samples with Congo red alone wastewater by ozonation and to ...
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Discriminant analysis application in spatiotemporal evaluation of water quality in South Florida
The discriminant analysis (DA) method was used to differentiate and classify the water quality of three major rivers in South Florida. In this study, DA was used to assess the water quality and evaluate the spatial and temporal variations in surface water quality in South Florida. DA, as an important data reduction method, was used to assess the water pollution status and analysis of its ...
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Vertical flow constructed wetlands subject to load variations: an improved design methodology connected to outlet quality objectives
This study surveyed four campsites and four rural villages of major tourist interest, called tourist-interest or ti-villages, that were monitored for several years, generating over 70 performance balances for vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) that were intentionally scaled down for experimental trials. The wastewater effectively qualifies as domestic sewage, although relatively ...
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Muratli Organized Industrial Zone – Case Study
Project Name Murath Organized Industrial Zone Wastewater Treatment Plant Employer Murath Organized Industrial Zone Contractor Enta Muhendislik Aritma Taah. San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Sti- Location of the plant Tekirdag/TURKEY Scope of work Design of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant Contract Date 2012 Completion Date 2013 Flowrate of the plant: 37.500 m3/ day Inlet Pollution Parameters: COD: ...
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A comparative study of an up-flow aerobic/anoxic sludge fixed film bioreactor and sequencing batch reactor with intermittent aeration in simultaneous nutrients (N, P) removal from synthetic wastewater
The performance of two bench scale activated sludge reactors with two feeding regimes, continuous fed (an up-flow aerobic/anoxic sludge fixed film (UAASFF) bioreactor) and batch fed (sequencing batch reactor (SBR)) with intermittent aeration, were evaluated for simultaneous nutrients (N, P) removal. Three significant variables (retention/reaction time, chemical oxygen demand (COD): N ...
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Performance comparison between two equal stabilization ponds operating with and without sludge layer
Stabilization ponds are a highly appropriate system for treating sewage in small to medium size communities. However, sludge accumulation at the pond bottom occurs with the passage of time, reducing the net pond volume, which, in principle, could affect its performance. The objective of this paper is to compare the behaviour of two equal ponds in parallel treating the same flow of municipal ...
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Using one filter stage of unsaturated/saturated vertical flow filters for nitrogen removal and footprint reduction of constructed wetlands
French vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) treating raw wastewater have been developed successfully over the last 30 years. Nevertheless, the two-stage VFCWs require a total filtration area of 2–2.5 m2/P.E. Therefore, implementing a one-stage system in which treatment performances reach standard requirements is of interest. Biho-Filter® is one of the solutions developed in France by ...
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French vertical-flow constructed wetland design: adaptations for tropical climates
The French Outermost Regions are under tropical climate yet still have to comply with both French and EU regulations. French vertical-flow constructed wetland systems appear well adapted to the technical specifics of these regions but their adaptation to tropical climate requires new design guidelines to be defined (area needed, number of filters, type of plants, material to be used, etc.). A ...
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Performance and stability of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor modified with zeolite addition subjected to step increases of organic loading rate (OLR) and to organic shock load (OSL)
This paper shows the effect of organic shock loads (OSLs) on the anaerobic digestion (AD) of synthetic swine wastewater using an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor modified with zeolite. Two reactors (R1 and R2), each with an effective volume of 3.04 L, were operated for 180 days at a controlled temperature of 30 °C and hydraulic retention time of 12 h. In the case of R2, 120 g of ...
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The performance of UASB reactors treating high-strength wastewaters
In the study reported here, the authors investigated the influence of hydraulic loading rate, organic loading rate, and recycle rate on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating high-strength wastewaters. For this purpose, they used two identical reactors. The removal rates for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), ...
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An aeration control strategy for oxidation ditch processes based on online oxygen requirement estimation
A feedforward-feedback aeration control strategy based on online oxygen requirements (OR) estimation is proposed for oxidation ditch (OD) processes, and it is further developed for intermittent aeration OD processes, which are the most popular type in Japan. For calculating OR, concentrations of influent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) are estimated online by ...
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