locator Articles
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Specifying allowable leakage rates
Introduction Allowable Leakage Rates or Action Leakage Rates (ALRs) are specified for installed geomembranes to quantify the maximum allowable liquid leakage. If the ALR is exceeded, corrective action must be taken to reduce the leakage rate below the set limit. To lower the leakage, the holes in the geomembrane are located and repaired. In some cases, the ALR is set so low that, if exceeded, ...
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Enhanced Geomembrane CQA through proper application of geomembrane leak location surveys
Abstract Historically, geomembrane construction quality assurance (CQA) has focused on destructive testing of welded seams to verify seam strength and integrity. Paradoxically, seams are not subject to significant stress and practically never fail in service, while holes and construction damage in the geomembrane are a much more widespread problem. The historical approach fails to evaluate how ...
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Cutting holes for testing vs. testing for holes
When it comes to geomembrane quality assurance, are destructive testing practices as effective as basic leak detection technologies? The function of a geomembrane liner is to prevent liquid flow to the environment. CQA measures should be judged on how effective they are in meeting this requirement. This article critically examines the industry’s current means of providing confidence that ...
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Performance-Based Specification Of Electrical Leak Location Surveys For Geomembrane Liners
ABSTRACT Electrical leak location surveys can be a crucial part of the final quality control of geomembrane liner installations. The method has been offered as a commercial service since 1985 and is the only practical test method that can find holes in the liner after protective soil cover is put on the liner. During the past fourteen years the test method has been used on a wide variety of ...
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Locating Geomembrane Liner Leaks under Waste in a Landfill
Abstract An Electrical Leak Imaging and Monitoring (ELIM SM) survey was used to locate leaks under 2.5 meters of stabilized waste in an active geomembrane-Iined landfill. The landfill is lined with two 2-mm thick HDPE geomembranes that are separated by a geonet drainage layer. The primary liner is covered with 600 mm of drainage sand and 2.5 meters of stabilized waste for a total cover thickness ...
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Experience with GCLs used as a conductive layer in geomembrane leak-location surveys
Engineers, installers, regulators, and owners are starting to rely on geomembrane leak-location surveys as part of the construction quality assurance for landfills. The various methods are described in ASTM Standard D 6747.' Standard procedures for conducting leak-location surveys of geomembranes covered with earth materials are described in ASTM Standard D 7007.2 Figure 1 shows the principle of ...
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Comparison of dye testing and electrical leak location testing of a solid waste liner system
Abstract: Dye tracing and electrical leak location testing were independently conducted to detect and locate leaks in the primary geomembrane liner of two cells in a municipal landfill. Despite extensive quality control and quality assurance programs, water in the leak detection zone after construction indicated that the primary liner had a leak. Fluorescein dye tests were conducted by placing a ...
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Detection and Location of Leaks in Geomembrane Liners Using an Electrical Method: Case Histories
ABSTRACT A field-proven electrical technique, developed at Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, is commercially available to detect and locate leaks in geomembrane liners. The electrical technique is used to inspect 100% of the geomembrane material that is covered by a conducting liquid. A voltage applied across the liner produces a uniform electrical potential distribution in the ...
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Locating Leaks in Geomembrane Liners of Landfills Covered With a Protective Soil
ABSTRACT The electrical leak location method was used to locate leaks in the geomembrane liners of single-lined and double-lined landfills covered with a protective soil cover. The landfills ranged in size from 0.40 hectare (one-acre) to 3.2 hectares (eight-acre). Water in the leak detection system under the primary liner indicated the primary liners were leaking. The principal of the electrical ...
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Costs and Benefits of Geomembrane Liner Installation CQA
ABSTRACT Because the cost of third-party construction quality assurance (CQA) of geomembrane liner installations is typically comparable to the cost of the geomembrane liner, CQA must be optimized to obtain the most benefit for the owner, rate payers, and environment. A regulation-based CQA protocol usually includes testing the material, observing the quality control (QC) program of the liner ...
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LIMS Locates the Diamond in the Rough
From the earliest days of digging into the earth for minerals, one question has been raised by all those seeking to make use of the materials the earth offers up: what exactly have we dug up and is it what we hoped it would be? Well we’re not panning for gold anymore and hoping for a glint of something shiny at the bottom of our pans, unless we hobbyists. Modern mining operations have ...
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Project - Transformer PD Location
Although fault detection schemes for transformers are well-established, there are few tools to locate the source of PD in a transformer. Each method is subject to different challenges making reliability and repeatability difficult to achieve in analysing the data. UHF methods are established for AIS equipment with the known benefits of sensitivity and immunity. Elimpus trialed a set up with a ...
By Elimpus Ltd.
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Typical Sensor Location Considerations
The sensor mounting location within a space may be dependent on many variables. There are no specific formulas since each application will have it’s own determining factors and priorities. These include, but are not limited to: source of gas: Is the source a combustion exhaust from a vehicle or furnace or a vapour from a tank spill, pipe leak, or faulty valve? density of gas: some ...
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XT512 Portable Locator, the best Tool to precisely locate the inspection camera head
One of the huge benefits of visual remote pipe inspections is being able to visualize problems, so you know exactly what to expect when going in to repair something. Underground pipes are especially susceptible to leaks and roots causing problems in hard to reach places. One problem with traditional pipe inspection equipment is while you can visualize the problem inside the pipe, it can be hard ...
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Struvite Formation, Prediction and Locations.
Struvite formation occurs when magnesium, ammonium and phosphate hexahydrate whose elemental composition of magnesium ammonia and phosphate forms in water combine in the exact chemical formulation as expressed by equation Mg2+ + NH4+ + HPO42- + 2H2O MgNH4PO4•6H2O + H+.This is the chemical term and formulation for struvite.This article goes over how Struvite is formed, the parameters for ...
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The role of regional location in innovativeness
The relationship between innovation and regional location is the object of much debate in management studies. This paper analyses the role of the regional location environment in firms’ innovative behaviour using data of 8,193 Spanish firms from different regions in Spain. Our results show that regional-specific factors (autonomous regions, spending on innovation, number of patents applied for ...
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Innovation and location in the multinational firm
This paper provides an overview of the relationship between multinational corporations (MNCs) and local economic systems. It examines the implications of a decentralisation of innovative activity within MNCs for their interaction with local networks. It is shown that this interaction depends upon the type of cluster, whether a general centre of excellence or a specialised centre. These two ...
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Locating pipes and cables case study
GPR can be used to determine the location and depth of metallic, non-metallic, plastic, concrete and asbestos-concrete utilities, and cables (power, signal, etc.) Locating of City Utilities The VIY3-300 GPR was used for locating of city utilities (water, gas, sewer, etc.). This profile shows city utilities at a depth of 1.2 and 2.0 meters (wave speed is 130 meters per microsecond). This ...
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On Locating A Nice Tyre Pyrolysis Plant
In the end, you would like to know that you may have a tyre pyrolysis plant that's worth the money. Sometimes, if you're not careful you may waste funds on what won't benefit you. Before spending anything on this type of machinery, be sure you go through the information outlined here. When you're planning on buying a tyre pyrolysis plant for sale, you're going to desire to make sure it's an ...
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How to Locate a Rubber Pyrolysis Plant
If you're trying to find some simple tips on how to pick a rubber pyrolysis plant, this article was written only for you. Here are several ideas that may help you figure out what is right for you when it comes to deciding on a pyrolysis unit for your home. Firstly, a rubber pyrolysis plant can be extremely expensive plus it is a lot more expensive than an incinerator by way of example. Needless ...
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