metal toxicity Articles
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Metal mixture modeling evaluation project: 3. Lessons learned and steps forward
A comparison of 4 metal‐mixture toxicity models (that were based on the Biotic Ligand Model and WHAM‐FTOX) was presented in the previous paper. In the present study, a streamlined version of the 4 models was developed and applied to multiple datasets and test conditions to examine key assumptions and calibration strategies that are crucial in modeling metal‐mixture toxicity. Results show that: ...
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Internal concentration as a better predictor of metal toxicity than the fractional coverage of metals on biotic ligand: Comparison of three modeling approaches
Modeling toxicity of metal mixtures poses unique challenges to incorporate bioavailability and metal speciation in metal exposures. Three models (models I, II, and III) were compared in the present study to predict and interpret the toxicity exerted by binary‐metal mixtures to zebrafish larvae, with the assumptions of competitions between metals based on BLM and toxic potencies of individual ...
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Adsorption of Cd, Cu and Zn from aqueous solutions onto ferronickel slag under different potentially toxic metal combination
Adsorption characteristics of potentially toxic metals in single- and multi-metal forms onto ferronickel slag were evaluated. Competitive sorption of metals by ferronickel slag has never been reported previously. The maximum adsorption capacities of toxic metals on ferronickel were in the order of Cd (10.2 mg g−1) > Cu (8.4 mg g−1) > Zn (4.4 mg g−1) in the single-metal adsorption ...
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Biotic ligand modelling approach: Synthesis of the effect of major cations on the toxicity of metals to soil and aquatic organisms
The biotic ligand model (BLM) approach is used to assess metal toxicity, taking into account the competition of other cations with the free metal ions for binding to the biotic ligand sites of aquatic and soil organisms. The bioavailable fraction of metals, represented by the free metal ion, is a better measure than the total concentration for assessing their potential risk to the environment. ...
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Low temperatures enhance the toxicity of Cu and Cd to Enchytraeus crypticus through different mechanisms
Knowledge about how toxicity changes with temperature is important for determining the size of safety factors used when extrapolating from standard laboratory conditions to variable field scenarios. In this study we evaluated the toxicity of Cu and Cd to the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus at six temperatures in the range of 11–25°C. For both metals, reproductive toxicity decreased approximately ...
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Interaction between nickel and cobalt toxicity in Enchytraeus crypticus is due to competitive uptake
Uptake and toxicity of Ni‐Co mixtures in Enchytraeus crypticus were determined after 4, 7, 10 and 14 d exposure. Generally, body concentrations of Ni and Co increased with increasing exposure concentrations. Ni body concentration was significantly reduced in the presence of Co, while Ni only marginally affected Co uptake. When expressed as free ion activities, individual toxicity of Ni and Co ...
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Metal mixtures modeling evaluation: 1. Background
Despite more than five decades of aquatic toxicity tests conducted with metal mixtures, there is still a need to understand how metals interact in mixtures and to predict their toxicity more accurately than currently is done. This paper provides a background for understanding the terminology, regulatory framework, qualitative and quantitative concepts, experimental approaches, and ...
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Biotic Ligand Model of the Acute Toxicity of Metals, 2. Application to acute copper toxicity in Freshwater Fish and Daphnia
The biotic ligand model (BLM) was developed to explain and predict the effects of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms. The biotic ligand is defined as a specific receptor within an organism where metal complexation leads to acute toxicity. The BLM is designed to predict metal interactions at the biotic ligand within the context of aqueous metal speciation and ...
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Copper and nickel partitioning with nanoscale goethite under variable aquatic conditions
Metal contaminated sediments can be toxic to aquatic organisms and are common in human‐dominated ecosystems, which results in metals being a leading cause of ecosystem impairment. Bioavailability of metals is influenced by their affinity for dissolved and solid‐phase ligands, including iron (Fe) oxyhydroxides that have been hypothesized to reduce metal toxicity in sediments. We examined the ...
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Changes of toxic metals during biological stabilization and their potential ecological risk assessment
With various disadvantages of pollution control technologies for toxic metal-contaminated soil, we mixed contaminated soil with sludge for in situ composting to stabilize toxic metals, so plants are enriched to take up the toxic metals. When simulating the above, we added toxic metal solution into sewage sludge, and then composed it with steel slag to determine inhibition of the availability ...
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Development and application of a multi‐metal multi‐biotic ligand model for assessing aquatic toxicity of metal mixtures
A multi‐metal, multi‐binding‐site version of the biotic ligand model (mBLM) has been developed for predicting and explaining the bioavailability and toxicity of mixtures of metals to aquatic organisms. The mBLM was constructed by combining information from single‐metal BLMs to preserve compatibility between the single‐metal and multiple‐metal approaches. The toxicities from individual metals ...
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Reproductive Toxicity of Binary and Ternary Mixture Combinations of Ni, Zn, and Pb To Ceriodaphnia Dubia Is Best Predicted With The Independent Action Model
Metals occur as mixtures in the environment. Risk assessment procedures for metals currently lack a framework to incorporate chronic metal mixture toxicity. Here, the toxicity of binary and ternary mixture combinations of Ni, Zn, and Pb was investigated in three large‐scale experiments using the standard chronic (7d) C. dubia reproductive toxicity test. These metals were selected because of ...
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Phytotoxicity of trace metals in spiked and field‐contaminated soils: Linking soil extractable metals with toxicity
Soil tests have been widely developed to predict trace metal uptake by plants. The prediction of metal toxicity however has rarely been tested. The study was set up to compare eight established soil tests for diagnosing phytotoxicity in contaminated soils. Nine soils contaminated with Zn or Cu by metal mining, smelting or processing were collected. Uncontaminated reference soils with similar ...
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Biological and chemical influences on trace metal toxicity and bioaccumulation in the marine and estuarine environment
For several trace metals, bioavailability and toxicity are controlled by both chemical (free ion) and physiological effects. The role of salinity in trace metal uptake (particularly cadmium) could be explained by a mixture of free ion and biological effects. Mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MMHg) bioaccumulation is different from that of other metals because uptake of the free metal ion via ...
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Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of nickel in Enchytraeus crypticus
Metal toxicity is usually determined at a fixed time point, which may bias the assessment of risks associated with varied exposure time. Time‐dependent accumulation and toxicity of nickel in the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus were investigated in solutions embedded in an inert quartz sand matrix. Internal Ni concentration and mortality were determined at 7 different time intervals and ...
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Which Metals are Green for Catalysis? Comparison of the Toxicities of Ni, Cu, Fe, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Au Salts
Environmental profiles for the selected metals were compiled on the basis of available data on their biological activities. Analysis of the profiles suggests that the concept of toxic heavy metals and safe nontoxic alternatives based on lighter metals should be re-evaluated. Comparison of the toxicological data indicates that palladium, platinum, and gold compounds, often considered heavy and ...
By SusChem
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Influence of essential elements on cadmium uptake and toxicity in a unicellular green alga: The protective effect of trace zinc and cobalt concentrations
Within the biotic ligand model (BLM) construct, major cations are considered to be simple competitors for metal binding to uptake sites and may offer some protection against metal‐induced toxicity, but the influence of essential trace elements and cell preconditioning to different micronutrient concentrations on metal uptake and toxicity is considered negligible. To test these underlying ...
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Cadmium accumulation and toxicity in the unicellular alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata: Influence of metal‐binding exudates and exposure time
Predicting metal availability and toxicity for chronic (several hours or days) metal exposure scenarios, even for unicellular algae, is a major challenge to existing toxicity models. This is because several factors affecting metal uptake/toxicity, such as the release of metalbinding exudates, changes in the kinetics of metal uptake/toxicity over time and algal physiological acclimation to ...
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Toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium in Folsomia candida exposed to simulated soil solutions
To improve our understanding of metal bioavailability to soil‐living invertebrates, the effect of porewater composition on the toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium in Folsomia candida (Collembola) was investigated. Assuming that pore water is the main exposure route, F. candida was exposed to simulated soil solutions of different composition. Toxicity of copper was slightly lower in a calcium ...
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