meteorology observation Articles

Intercomparison of methods for parameterising components of the surface energy balance - a summary of Working Group 1 - COST 710 results

Working Group 1 of COST Action 710 investigated the use of meteorological pre-processors for short-range dispersion models for regulatory purposes. Two commonly used schemes for estimating boundary-layer fluxes from standard meteorological observations were intercompared using high latitude measurements from Sweden for spring/summer and winter conditions. Ground heat fluxes estimated with five ...

Jan. 26, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers

Surface-based precipitation phase determination methods in hydrological models

We compared solid and liquid precipitation mass output from three categories of common model precipitation phase determination schemes (PPDS) to the recorded precipitation phase in a set of 45 years of 3-hour manual meteorological observations from 19 Swedish meteorological stations. In the first category of rain/snow thresholds, it was found that rain/snow air temperature threshold (ATT) is a ...

Dec. 13, 2012

By IWA Publishing

Satellite-based estimation of atmospheric stability parameters in urban and remote areas

A methodology is presented which can be used to determine atmospheric stability parameters in urban and remote areas where ground-based meteorological observations are not routinely available. The method resolves the surface energy balance by means of satellite remote sensing in an original way. Ground-based data from the FIFE experiment are used to validate parts of the methodology. Results are ...

Jan. 26, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers

Comparison of meteorological pre-processors during high-latitude winter conditions

The performance of two meteorological pre-processors, which calculate the surface fluxes of heat and momentum from routine meteorological observations, was studied during two winter months at high latitudes, characterised by low solar altitudes and snow-covered surfaces, i.e. high albedo values. This, together with low temperatures and low wind speeds, causes stable stratification (often with ...

Sep. 15, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers

A new GIS landscape classification method for rain/snow temperature thresholds in surface based models

Landscape air temperature thresholds (TA) and percent misclassified precipitation (error) for 12 years of meteorological observations from 40 stations across the Scandinavian Peninsula were derived and compared using both manual and geographic information system (GIS) landscape classification methods. Dew-point, wet-bulb, and wet bulb 0.5 were also tested. Both classification methods used the ...

Oct. 24, 2016

By IWA Publishing

A comparison of the observed trends and simulated changes in extreme climate indices in the Carpathian Basin by the end of this century

Global warming results in shifts of mean temperature and precipitation, and also, in frequency and intensity changes of climate extremes. In this paper, temperature and precipitation extreme indices are analysed and compared for the Carpathian Basin (located in Central/Eastern Europe). For past trends, daily meteorological observations from the 20th century are used. In the case of future changes ...

Jul. 15, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers

Lufft WS200 wind sensors on a research station in the Antarctica - Case Study

Base Orcadas is an Argentine scientific research station in the Antarctica. It is located on Laurie Island, one of the South Orkney Islands (Spanish: Islas Orcadas del Sur), at 4 meters (13.1 ft) above sea level and 170 meters (558 ft) from the coastline and is the oldest one there which is still in operation. The nearest port is the Argentine city of Ushuaia, which is 1,502 km (933 mi) away. ...

Nov. 28, 2010

By OTT HydroMet

Climatic identity assessment of the climate change

In the last few decades, due to the potentially serious impacts upon the atmosphere, earth, and ocean the climate change issue become internationally disputable subject among many scientists including various specialists such as climatologists, atmospheric researchers, oceanographers, hydro–meteorologists, agriculturalists, in particular, local administrators in addition to politicians, as ...

Jan. 22, 2013

By Inderscience Publishers

KNMI purchased 50 units of CHM15k - Case Study

Long before automated weather stations were available, weather and clouds were already observed visually by officially trained and certified meteorological observers. Today, there are still human observers active in many weather services around the globe. Observers look at the sky and estimate cloud fraction in octa and the height of the cloud base. This provides essential information for ...

Nov. 15, 2019

By OTT HydroMet

Assessment of HPAC urban modelling capabilities using data from the Joint Urban 2003 field experiment

An independent evaluation was conducted of four urban prediction models included in the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency's (DTRA) Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability (HPAC) (Version 4.0). This evaluation focused on comparing HPAC predictions with data obtained during the Joint Urban 2003 (JU03) field experiment in Oklahoma City. These models were run using a variety of meteorological ...

Feb. 8, 2011

By Inderscience Publishers

Parameterisation of convective PBL using surface data for the wind and stability classes

A simple two-layer model of convective planetary boundary layer (CPBL), consisting of a Surface Layer and an Ekman layer over it and developed in accordance with the similarity theory is used to obtain the vertical profiles of the temperature, wind velocity and the turbulent exchange coefficient in CPBL from the surface wind measurements and atmospheric stability data. As input to this model the ...

May 11, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers

Validation of a mass consistent flow model as part of a decision support system

In the context of real time (online) decision support systems for nuclear installations, atmospheric dispersion and deposition has to be calculated for a mesoscale area. Typically, the wind field in this area is influenced by topography. Therefore, simple Gaussian type modelling is not appropriate. Initiated and funded by the Bundesamt fur Strahlenschutz, simple (diagnostic mass consistent) flow ...

Jan. 26, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers

Air pollution in a street canyon estimated considering different parameterisations of vehicle–induced turbulence

Leeward air pollutant concentrations (C) are estimated by incorporating four parameterisations of traffic–produced turbulence (TPT) into the scaling of C inside a street canyon. Three parameterisations consider expressions previously introduced by other authors, based on a theoretical formulation of TPT and a semi–empirical approach already incorporated in an operational street model. The fourth ...

Dec. 28, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Lufft sensors now officially approved for airports in Ukraine

Background info There are 16 international civil airports in Ukraine. At the moment only 10 of them are in operation. A major modernization and restoration program for airports is currently underway in the country. This includes the construction of new runways and the reorganization of aviation weather services. In this context, all existing AWOS (Automated Airport Weather Stations) are due for ...

Jun. 14, 2018

By OTT HydroMet

Improving surface-based precipitation phase determination through air mass boundary identification

Most hydrological models apply one empirical formula based on surface air temperature for precipitation phase determination. This approach is flawed as surface precipitation phase results from energy exchanges between falling precipitation and air in the lower atmosphere. Different lower atmospheric conditions cause different precipitation phase probabilities for near-freezing temperatures. Often ...

Jan. 1, 2012

By IWA Publishing

Performing CALPUFF Analyses with Pseudo-station Data Derived from MM5 Data

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that CALPUFF be used as the preferred model for long-range transport analyses in the proposed “Guideline on Air Quality Modeling” (April 2000). In practice, CALPUFF has been routinely required by the Federal Land Managers (FLM), EPA, and state regulatory agencies for Class I area analyses for several years. These analyses include regional ...

Jan. 1, 2003

By BREEZE Software, Data and Services / Trinity Consultants

How Servelec’s Meteorological Monitoring System helps the Met Office stay one step ahead of the weather - Case Study

The UK Met Office, a world leading provider of weather and climate services, currently operates a network of manual, automatic and semi-automatic meteorological observing sites at locations in the United Kingdom and overseas. The SCOPE-based Meteorological Monitoring System (MMS) created by Servelec Technologies for the Met Office provides a fully scalable, flexible, expandable system for ...

Dec. 10, 2019

By Ovarro

On storm surges induced by the Bora wind in the Lagoon of Venice

It is well known that the hydrodynamics of the Venice Lagoon is strongly dependent upon both tides and prevalent wind regimes, namely the Sirocco and the local wind Bora. However, while the effect of the Sirocco on the sea level has been an subject of a large number of experimental and theoretical studies because of its dramatic impact on Venice, less attention has been paid to the effect on the ...

Apr. 22, 2008

By Inderscience Publishers

Modeling Dispersion from Toxic Gas Released after a Train Collision in Graniteville, SC

ABSTRACT The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) Weather Information and Display System was used to provide meteorological and atmospheric modeling/consequence assessment support to state and local agencies after the collision of two Norfolk Southern freight trains on the morning of January 6, 2005. This collision resulted in the release of several toxic chemicals to the environment, ...

Mar. 1, 2007

By Air & Waste Management Association (A&WMA)

Meteorological data from numerical weather prediction or observations for dispersion modelling

Synoptic observations of wind speed, direction, cloud cover, precipitation and temperature are inputs to regulatory dispersion modelling. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) data generated by national meteorological services are easily formatted for dispersion models. Changing from observations to NWP data raises concerns amongst regulators and model users – how might impact assessments differ if ...

Feb. 8, 2011

By Inderscience Publishers