microbial analysis Articles
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Estimating relative benefits of differing strategies for management of wastewater in Lower Egypt using quantitative microbial risk analysis
The report uses a theoretical model of a typical drainage basin, but the approach could be applied to many of the drainage basins managed by the holding company for water and wastewater in Egypt. This study set out to assess the relative health impacts of different wastewater management strategies on health in the Nile delta region using an approach similar to that used in the Ghana. The ultimate ...
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The effect of heavy metals on the activated sludge process and its microbial community analysis using 16S ribosomal DNA
The effect of heavy metal shock loading on biological treatment systems was studied by traditional methods and molecular biological techniques. Two kinds of SBR (sequence batch reactor) operation units, unacclimated and acclimated activated sludge systems, were studied. The addition of special nutrients and powdered activated carbon (PAC) to stimulate heavy metal uptake and recovery were studied. ...
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The DNA Revolution for Water Professionals
Imagine trying to solve a problem when you are provided just 1% of the total data. This is essentially the case in analyzing water and wastewater microbiomes. Conventional microbiological testing methods such as culture and microscopy can identify only about 1% of microorganisms that are contained in a typical environmental sample. The remaining 99% are known to be there, but can not be ...
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An efficient method to improve the production of methane from anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge
Methane production from waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic digestion is always low due to slow hydrolysis rate and inappropriate ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N). In this work, a novel approach, i.e., co-digestion of WAS and tobacco waste (TW) using ozone pretreatment, to greatly enhance the production of methane is reported. Experimental results showed the optimal C/N and ozone dosage ...
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Control of Microthrix parvicella and sludge bulking by ozone in a full-scale WWTP
Bulking and rising sludge are common problems in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and are primarily caused by increased growth of filamentous bacteria such as Microthrix parvicella. It has a negative impact on sludge settling properties in activated sludge (AS) process, in addition to being responsible for foam formation. Different methods can be used to control sludge bulking. The aim of ...
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Microbial community analysis in the autotrophic denitrification process using spent sulfidic caustic by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified genes
Spent sulfidic caustic (SSC) produced from petrochemical plants contains a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide and alkalinity, and some almost non-biodegradable organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX). SSC is mainly incinerated with auxiliary fuel, leading to secondary pollution problems. The reuse of this waste is becoming increasingly important from ...
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N2O emission in short-cut simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process: dynamic emission characteristics and succession of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
A sequencing batch airlift reactor was used to investigate the characteristics of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and the succession of an ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) community. The bioreactor could successfully switch from the complete simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process to the short-cut SND process by increasing the influent pH from 7.0–7.3 to 8.0–8.3. ...
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Effect of flocculant on microbial populations and function in Chem-Bioflocculation (CBF) treatment process using PCR-DGGE
The group-specific primers were applied to investigate microbial communities in Chem-Bioflocculation (CBF) reactor by PCR-DGGE method. α-proteobacteria, β-proteobacteria, actinomycetes and acidobacterium, were analysed by using diversity index at different dosage of Polyaluminium Ferric Chloride (PAFC) based on DGGE patterns. Clustering analysis showed that community structure of specific ...
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Successful treatment of high azo dye concentration wastewater using combined anaerobic/aerobic granular activated carbon-sequencing batch biofilm reactor (GAC-SBBR): simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation processes
The application of a granular activated carbon-sequencing batch biofilm reactor (GAC-SBBR) for treatment of wastewater containing 1,000 mg/L Acid Red 18 (AR18) was investigated in this research. The treatment system consisted of a sequencing batch reactor equipped with moving GAC as biofilm support. Each treatment cycle consisted of two successive anaerobic (14 h) and aerobic (8 h) reaction ...
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Effects of phenol on sulfate reduction by mixed microbial culture: kinetics and bio-kinetics analysis
Mixed microbial culture collected from the wastewater treatment plant of Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG) was further grown in anaerobic condition in presence of sulfate where lactate was added as a carbon source. Sulfate addition was increased stepwise up to 1,000 mg l−1 before phenol was added at increasing concentrations from 10 mg l−1 to 300 mg l−1. Kinetics of sulfate, ...
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Quantitative analysis of microbial contamination in private drinking water supply systems
Over one million households rely on private water supplies (e.g. well, spring, cistern) in the Commonwealth of Virginia, USA. The present study tested 538 private wells and springs in 20 Virginia counties for total coliforms (TCs) and Escherichia coli along with a suite of chemical contaminants. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate potential correlations between TC ...
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Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA
We describe a new molecular approach to analyzing the genetic diversity of complex microbial populations. This technique is based on the separation of polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments of genes coding for 16S rRNA, all the same length, by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). DGGE analysis of different microbial communities demonstrated the presence of up to 10 ...
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Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the gram-negative bacterium escherichia coli
We describe a new molecular approach to analyzing the genetic diversity of complex microbial populations. This technique is based on the separation of polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments of genes coding for 16S rrna, all the same length, by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). DGGE analysis of different microbial communities demonstrated the presence of up to 10 ...
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Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16s rrna.
We describe a new molecular approach to analyzing the genetic diversity of complex microbial populations. This technique is based on the separation of polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments of genes coding for 16S rRNA, all the same length, by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). DGGE analysis of different microbial communities demonstrated the presence of up to 10 ...
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Computational fluid dynamics analysis in microbial fuel cells with different anode configurations
A key criterion in microbial fuel cell (MFC) design is that the bio-electrochemical reaction between bacteria and the bulk solution should occur evenly on the electrode surface in order to improve electricity generation. However, experimental optimization of MFC design over a wide range of conditions is limited. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology makes it possible to evaluate ...
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Ecology and performance of aerobic granular sludge treating high-saline municipal wastewater
The successful development of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for secondary wastewater treatment has been linked to a dedicated anaerobic feeding phase, which enables key microbes such as poly-phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms to gain a competitive advantage over floc-forming organisms. The application of AGS to treat high-saline sewage and its ...
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Oil Analysis Helps Keep the Trains Running - Case study
Based in Tullow, Ireland, T.E. Laboratories ("the Laboratories"), provides oil, fuel and environmental analysis services for a variety of customers, including Irish Rail, Ireland's national railway system. It regularly uses equipment from Spectro, Inc., including the Spectroil Q100 spectrometer. When the analysis of oil samples from a main locomotive showed a large amount of severe wear ...
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Effects of C/N ratio on nitrous oxide production from nitrification in a laboratory-scale biological aerated filter reactor
Emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) during biological wastewater treatment is of growing concern. This paper reports findings of the effects of carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio on N2O production rates in a laboratory-scale biological aerated filter (BAF) reactor, focusing on the biofilm during nitrification. Polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and ...
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Bioflocculation behaviours of microbial communities in water treatment
We studied the flocculation behaviours of microbial communities in 21 soil, wastewater and activated sludge samples to clarify the effects of culture medium types on flocculation ability and screening efficiency, and to analyze diverse functions and microbial compositions. The bioflocculants produced by 33% of the microbial communities had flocculating efficiencies higher than ...
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The Standard For Total Biomass Measurement in Metalworking Fluids
Metalworking fluids provide a warm and nutrient-rich environment for growth of bacteria and fungus. Once microbial growth is established it can contribute to the breakdown of the metal working fluid emulsion and consequently its ability to lubricate metallic surfaces. Microbes also lower the fluid's pH, leading to corrosion of tool parts and staining of wetted metal surfaces. Uncontrolled ...
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