microcystins Articles
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Life history responses of Daphnia similoides simultaneously exposed to microcystin‐LR and ammonia and their post‐exposure recovery
Aquatic organisms often suffer episodic stress from cyanobacterial bloom‐derived concomitant and sometimes interactive stressors, and may recover when stressors terminate. To assess whether exposed Daphnia can quickly recover from combined toxicity of bloom‐derived stressors, we exposed Daphnia similoides to mixtures of ammonia (0, 0.37, and 0.58 mg L−1) and dissolved microcystin‐LR (0, 10, ...
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Invasive dreissenid mussels and round gobies: A benthic pathway for the trophic transfer of microcystin
In this preliminary study, we identify two pathways through which invasive dreissenid mussels can transfer microcystin to higher trophic levels: either directly, through consumption by benthivorous fish such as the round goby; or indirectly, through their biodeposits which are an important food source for benthic invertebrates. Our results suggest that dreissenid mussels represent a ...
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Degradation of natural toxins by phthalocyanines–example of cyanobacterial toxin, microcystin
Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are promising photosensitizers for use in various branches of science and industry. In the presence of visible light and diatomic oxygen, phthalocyanines can react to produce singlet oxygen, a member of reactive oxygen species able to damage different molecules and tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of phthalocyanines to degrade natural toxins in ...
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Quantitative LC-MS/MS Analysis of Microcystin Cyclopeptides: EPA Method 544
Accurate and sensitive characterization and quantification of a structurally diverse class of microcystin cyclopeptides was accomplished using UHPLC-MS-MS. In this analysis, microcystins-RR, YR, and LR were measured using a Nexera UHPLC with a LCMS-8050 triple quadrupole MS detector with ESI ionization in accordance with EPA Method 544. The results of this study show that the Shimadzu platform ...
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Toxicological implications of microcystins on zebrafish embryos in the presence of other environmental pollutants
Microcystins (MCs) interact with environmental contaminants as well as various other congeners of the MCs family in the natural environment and with antioxidants in the exposed organisms. These interactions are likely to modify the toxicological behavior of MCs at the cellular level. The present study was conducted to understand the toxicological response of extracellular MCs in aquatic systems ...
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Removal of microcystin-LR from aqueous solutions using % burn-off activated carbon of waste wood material
The activated carbon (AC), prepared at different burn-off rates, showed a high uptake of methylene blue. At 93% burn-off, methylene blue uptake was 620 mg/g. Adsorption capacity of microcystin-LR onto rubber wood AC was investigated in a batch system by considering the effects of various parameters like contact time, initial concentration, pH and temperature. Microcystin-LR removal is pH ...
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Determining the fate of
Microcystis aeruginosa cells and microcystin toxins following chloraminationThe cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa can produce potent toxins known as microcystins. While many studies have focussed on the chlorination of microcystin toxins, little work has been conducted with respect to the chloramination of the microcystins. In addition, no studies have been reported on the effect of chloramination on intact Microcystis cells. This study was conducted to determine the ...
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Maternal repeated oral exposure to microcystin‐LR affects neurobehaviors in developing rats
Microcystins are toxic peptides secreted by certain waterblooms of toxic cyanobacteria. The most widely studied microcystin is microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR), which exhibits hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. However, limited information is available regarding the effects on offspring following maternal exposure. The present study is to observe the effects of progestational exposure to MC‐LR on ...
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Toxicity and Microcystin Content of Extracts from a Planktothrix Bloom and Two Laboratory Strains
Abstract : Toxic effects and microcystin content from various extracts of aPlanktothrix agardhiibloom and two different strains ofPlanktothrix agardhii, HUB 076, and NIVA 34 were investigated. Extracts were obtained with solvents of different polarity such as hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water. Additionally, different pre-treatments were used to break the cells before extraction. Acute ...
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Biodegradation of microcystin [Dha7]MC-LR by a novel microcystin-degrading bacterium in an internal airlift loop bioreactor
Cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystins are a health problem found in bodies of water in Thailand. Bacteria capable of biodegrading microcystin [Dha7]MC-LR were isolated from the Bueng Nong Khot reservoir in Khon Kaen, Thailand. The bacterium Novosphingobium isolate KKU25s was shown to degrade [Dha7]MC-LR at a concentration of 25 μg l−1 at 30 °C within 24 h. Two intermediate by-products ...
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Human health risk assessment related to blue-green algae mass development in the Kuibyshev Reservoir
Health risk assessment related to water quality and microcystin contamination of water in the Kuibyshev Reservoir was conducted in August 2012 during the period of algal bloom. The health risk during recreational activity was estimated for potential exposure to extracellular microcystins. Microcystin content in water measured by the indirect competitive ELISA method was in the range from 0.21 ...
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Separated adsorption and bacterial degradation of microcystins in GAC filtration
For removal of microcystins from drinking water, Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) filtration has shown to be promising as it is not only an efficient adsorbent, but also can support biodegradation of microcystins, extending the lifetime of this application. In this study, a sterile and non-sterile GAC column, in addition to a sand column, was studied to distinguish the adsorption and ...
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Novel bacterial strains for the removal of microcystins from drinking water
Microcystins (MC) and nodularin (NOD) are common contaminants of drinking water around the world and due to their significant health impact it is important to explore suitable approaches for their removal. Unfortunately, these toxins are not always removed by conventional water treatments. One of the most exciting areas that hold promise for a successful and cost effective solution is ...
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Removal of microcystin-LR from water by polymers based on
N -vinylformamide structureThe work describes the results of experiments aimed at developing a new method using synthetic polymers to remove microcystins from water. Three hydrophilic polymers were synthesized based on a N-vinylformamide (NVF) structure cross-linked with divinylbenzene (DVB): p(NVF-co-DVB), p(VAm-co-DVB), and, after reaction with glutaraldehyde (GA), p(VAm-co-DVB)GA. The physicochemical characteristics ...
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Toxic Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Velencei
Abstract: Lake Velencei is a shallow lake in Hungary. The first cyanobacterial bloom of Microcystis aeruginosaappeared in the lake in 1991. This cyanobacterial species was also found earlier but blooms were not recorded. The toxins of M. aeruginosawere studied in Lake Velencei in 1992. The present study deals with the toxicity of M. aeruginosabiomass of different origin detected by ...
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Biodegradation of microcystins by bacterial communities co-existing with the flagellate
Monas guttula and concurrent succession of community structuresGrazing on Microcystis by the flagellate Monas guttula causes simultaneous degradation of microcystins (MCs) produced by Microcystis in culture. Although the MC-degrading bacterial strains that co-exist with M. guttula have been isolated, it is still unknown if the MC-degrading bacteria can degrade MCs within the indigenous bacterial community co-existing with M. guttula. To investigate this, we ...
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Spatial and temporal variation in microcystins occurrence in wadeable streams in the southeastern USA
Despite historical observations of potential microcystin‐producing cyanobacteria (including Leptolyngbya, Phormidium, Pseudoanabaena, and Anabaena species) in 74% of headwater streams in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina during 1993‐2011, fluvial cyanotoxin occurrence has not been systematically assessed in the southeastern United States (USA). To begin to address this data ...
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Nanofiltration for the removal of algal metabolites and the effects of fouling
Nanofiltration (NF) has been shown to be an effective way of removing organic micropollutants from drinking water due to its size exclusion properties. A rapid bench scale membrane test unit was utilised to trial six NF membranes to remove the algal metabolites, microcystin, cylindrospermopsin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin (GSM). Membrane fouling due to the algal metabolites was observed ...
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Cyanobacterial Toxins Detected by Thamnotoxkit (a Double Blind Experiment)
Abstract: The Thamnotoxkit FTM was evaluated for detecting cyanobacterial toxins compared with the rat hepatocyte test and mouse test. This test kit is a 24-hour biosassay using larvae of the freshwater anostracan crustaceanThamnocephalus platyurus hatched from cysts. Thirteen freeze-dried cyanobacterial samples from freshwaters of Hungary, Germany and Brazil, and strains from the culture ...
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Algal Treatments
Global warming means algal blooms can only increase. Tom Hall of the WRc Group reports on the latest research into treatment programmes Excessive algal growth in raw water reservoirs can cause severe problems with water supply, even in a traditional UK climate. Global warming means algal problems could become more frequent and acute in the UK, so effective control measures will become more ...
By WRC Ltd
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