municipal water system Articles
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Free water for all the world's poor? A review of the strategy of South Africa's free basic water policy
In 2001 South Africa introduced a social policy to provide all citizens, but particularly the poor, with a monthly supply of limited volumes of free water. Although criticised by international agencies at the time, lifeline tariffs to the poor are now promoted as a strategy to meet the Millennium Development Goals. Much of free basic water's contemporary allure lies in its ostensible ...
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A basic guide to municipal water treatment & its specialized areas
Clean, safe, potable water is meagre today. Statistic says, presently around 1.2 billion people in this advancing world don’t have access to safe drinkable water. The scarcity of water stand stood as the most common yet perilous problem, the current society is facing these days. The scarceness of water already affects each and every continent of the world, and the problem is not a newer ...
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The Emerging Role of Augmented Reality in Wastewater Treatment
Municipal water systems are always looking for ways to increase efficiency. Embracing new technology can lead to fewer service disruptions, lower emergency repair costs, and a better customer experience. Augmented reality tools will change how water utilities approach maintenance, training, and customer relations. ...
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PFAS in Drinking Water
In every part of the world, people depend on clean water to survive. Residents often take it for granted that they can use water from the faucet for drinking or cooking without further treatment. However, water contamination is a severe concern for municipal water systems. Extended boil water orders and stories of lead contamination raise worries about the safety of the supply. The EPA has ...
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Pump Optimization for High-Efficiency Operation
In the natural world, water flows downwards with the force of gravity. Municipal water systems take advantage of this constant force whenever possible. However, the local landscape is rarely just a downhill slope. In water distribution systems and water treatment plants, pumps work to move water against gravity’s pull. Real-time monitoring of pump operation will increase both the efficiency ...
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Industry, Municipalities Embracing Water Reuse
When cities produce recycled water and sell it to industries at a good price, it’s a win-win situation In the United States, industry accounts for 87% of withdrawals of fresh water. Considering this staggering statistic, along with increasingly unpredictable water supplies, it’s no surprise that industries’ investment in water reuse is trending. Companies are both building ...
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Industry, Municipalities Embracing Water Reuse
In industry, recycled water can be used as manufacturing process water, in energy generation, for oil and gas exploration, and in a host of other purple-pipe applications, including landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. When cities produce recycled water and sell it to industries at a good price, it’s a win-win situation In the United States, industry accounts for 87% of withdrawals ...
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Drive Operational Efficiency with Water and Wastewater Digitization
Any organization with a long history is bound to resist change. Most municipal water systems have been in place for decades, and many of their processes reflect the technology of earlier periods. They may still use paper requisition forms or manually log system information into spreadsheets. Inefficient processes increase costs and are prone to human error. As water utilities deal with aging ...
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A stochastic model for daily residential water demand
Residential water demand is a random variable which influences greatly the performance of municipal water distribution systems (WDSs). The water request at network nodes reflects the behavior of the residential users, and a proper characterization of their water use habits is vital for the hydraulic system modeling. This study presents a stochastic approach for the characterization of the ...
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Lead in Drinking Water for small supply systems
The problem of lead in drinking water is most-publicized for the larger water supply systems of Cities and Towns, particularly the older districts, where lead piping was often used to connect houses to a municipal water supply system and for internal plumbing, unto the early 1980s (generally). The problem is more closely associated with the longer established industrialized and urbanized ...
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Identification of monthly municipal water demand system based on autoregressive integrated moving average model tuned by particle swarm optimization
In this paper, a modeling-identification approach for the monthly municipal water demand system in Hail region, Saudi Arabia, is developed. This approach is based on an auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model tuned by the particle swarm optimization (PSO). The ARIMA (p, d, q) modeling requires estimation of the integer orders p and q of the AR and MA parts; and the real ...
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Guidelines for transient analysis in water transmission and distribution systems
All water systems leak, and many supply systems do so considerably, with water losses typically of approximately 20% of the water production. The IWA Water Loss Task Force aims for a significant reduction of annual water losses by drafting documents to assist practitioners and others to prevent, monitor and mitigate water losses in water transmission and distribution systems. One of the causes of ...
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Automated Handling of Activated Carbon in Bulk Bags Reduces Dust and Labor for Municipal WTPs
Two cities, one in the United States and the other in Canada, over 700 miles (1100 km) apart, were experiencing nearly identical problems caused by manual addition of powdered activated carbon to their municipal water treatment systems. Both cities not only eliminated a health hazard caused by carbon powder dust, but also reduced the amount of labor required to add powdered activated carbon to ...
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EST - Dry Emergency Chlorine Scrubber Proves Cost-Effective Solution for Stockton East Water District in California
Stockton East Water District in California needed to meet Uniform Fire Code guidelines while keeping gas chlorination equipment as their primary disinfection treatment. Since its construction in 1977, the Stockton East Water District Dr. Joe Waidhofer Water Treatment Plant in Stockton, California, has used two Fischer & Porter model 70C4500 series gas chlorinators with 71P1100A pressure ...
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Reverse Osmosis System Design
Reverse Osmosis (R.O.) is currently used in various applications ranging from small under the sink drinking water systems to large municipal drinking water applications. The technology is widely used and accepted as it removes both dissolved ionic and organic impurities. This article will focus on the application of reverse osmosis membranes and discuss factors that should be considered for ...
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Drinking Surface Water Pilot - Case Study
Bowen Island Municipality’s Cove Bay Water System (CBWS) treats surface water from Grafton Lake to drinking water. Historically, the lake water was treated with hypochlorite addition however this treatment is insufficient to meet the Canadian Drinking Water Quality Guidelines (CDWQG) for several parameters including protozoa, turbidity, manganese and colour. ...
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Mixer eliminates taste and odor complaints, Walkerton, Ontario - Case study
The Municipality of Brockton operates three water systems in Ontario, Canada, including the system at Walkerton, Ontario. Even without taking water temperature measurements, the utility was certain that the 70-foot-tall standpipe on the north end of their Walkerton water system was thermally stratifed during summer months. They also noticed that taste and odor complaints, while infrequent, would ...
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Automated Bag Handling System Eliminates Dust, Reduces Labor for Municipal Water Treatment Plant
Two cities, one in the United States and the other in Canada, over 700 miles (1100 kilometers) apart, were experiencing nearly identical problems caused by manual addition of powdered activated carbon to their municipal water treatment systems. Both cities not only eliminated a health hazard caused by carbon powder dust, but also reduced the amount of labor required to add powdered activated ...
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Natchez Wastewater Treatment Facility Finds Success with New System
A popular magazine at the SRS Crisafulli offices is Treatment Plant Operator (TPO), which serves municipal water system operators. The November 2011 issue of TPO featured the Natchez, Mississippi Wastewater Treatment Facility in their Top Performer - Biosolids section, with an article titled "Sun Dried Success". "Natchez is the site of a new “greenhouse” solar biosolids drying ...
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Cost-effective telemetry for agricultural applications
Rural areas with irrigation districts and small municipal water systems face distinctive issues because of their size and geography. Water shortages in irrigation districts, for instance, mean that farmers need the most accurate information possible to understand how the water they pump is being used. Relying on estimates, no matter how scientific, tends to yield unreliable numbers. And while ...
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