nitrogen determination Articles
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Nitrogen Determination in Tobacco
Nitrogen Determination in Tobacco according to the Kjeldahl Method It is considered that flavour and taste of smoke is correlated with the nitrogenous constituents. Accordingto Indian Central Tobacco Reseach Institute (CTRI) fluecured tobacco containing 1.6 to 2.3 % total nitrogen gives the most satisfying smoke, whereas the acceptable limit of total nitrogen is 1.0-3.0 %. High level of ...
By BUCHI
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Selective nitrogen determination methods related to Kjeldahl
KjelMaster System K-375 / K-376, KjelDigester K-449, Scrubber K-415 85 % of the world’s nitrogen demand for fertilizer is primarily derived from ammonia in the form of urea, ammonium nitrate, phosphate and sulfate. Ammoniacal components can also be found in soil, sludge and bio waste. In those sample matrices, a mixture of several nitrogen containing compounds as urea, nitrogen from other ...
By BUCHI
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Nitrogen determination in compound fertilizer according to Devarda
KjelFlex K-360 with Devarda Splash Protector, Metrohm Titrino 877 Nitrogen is the most needed nutrient by crops, it is mainly absorbed by plants in the form of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate/nitrite nitrogen. The application of nitrogen fertilizer not only improves the yield but also the quality of the crop. From this aspect, the nitrogen content is a significant factor that affects the quality of ...
By BUCHI
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How to Achieve Low Detection and Quantification Limits for the Nitrogen Determination with Kjeldahl
Kjeldahl is one of the most commonly used techniques to determine the protein content in food and feed samples or the nitrogen content in soil, sludge, and water samples. The detection and quantification limits are important characteristics of analytical methods. The impact of the concentration of boric acid, the addition of potassium chloride, and the concentration of the titration solution on ...
By BUCHI
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Ammonium, nitrate, and total nitrogen determination in fly ash
Fly ash is a by-product of the combustion of pulverized coal and is composed of small particles. The composition of the fly ash may vary considerably, however, all fly ashes contain substantial amounts of silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO). Nowadays, air pollution control standards require a separation of flue gas before being released to the atmosphere. Fly ...
By BUCHI
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Nitrogen determination in diphtheria and tetanus toxoids according to Pharmacopoeia using back titration and boric acid titration
KjelMaster System K-375 / K-376, KjelDigester K-449, Scrubber K-415 Nitrogen and total protein determination in pharmaceutical products are described in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) and in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States (USP). Therein, different titration techniques are specified. The Ph.Eur. is using back titration in the presence of the indicator methyl red mixed solution and ...
By BUCHI
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Trophic Structure and Bioaccumulation of Mercury in Fish of Three Natural Lakes of the Brazilian Amazon
The bioaccumulation of mercury by fish was studied in three natural lakes lining the Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazon. The Hg content variations are also reported between the rainy and the rising water seasons. Position of fish in the food chain and the source of carbon at the base of the food chain were determined using nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes ratios respectively. During the two ...
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Effects of carbon sources, COD/NO2−-N ratios and temperature on the nitrogen removal performance of the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) biofilm
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of carbon sources and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/NO2−-N ratios on the anammox–denitrification coupling process of the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) biofilm. Also, the anammox activities of the SNAD biofilm were investigated under different temperature. Kaldnes rings taken from the SNAD biofilm ...
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Removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from water with activated carbon and effective microorganisms
Humic substances (HS) cause problems in water purification because of disinfection by-product (DBP) formation during chlorination. The efficiency of activated carbon (AC) adsorption as a method in drinking water treatment has been investigated in removing HS at different pH values (pH = 5; 6; 7; 8) in static equilibrium experiments. The degradation of HS was studied with an EM (effective ...
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Removal of Nitrogen Interferences for Sulfur Determination in Fuels
Elimination of Nitrogen Interferences for the Detection of Sulfur in Fuels Total sulfur (TS) is a routine parameter in the quality control of fuels. However, analysis can prove challenging as nitrogen interferences can distort results. Now, innovative technologies are available that suppress these interferences and save laboratories a lot of time and effort in the analysis process. UV ...
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Treatment performance and microbial characteristics in two-stage membrane bioreactor applied to partially stabilized leachate
A two-stage membrane bioreactor system was applied to the treatment of partially stabilized leachate from solid waste landfill in Thailand. In the system, an anoxic tank with incline tube for biomass separation from re-circulated sludge is followed by a second-stage aerobic tank in which a direct submerged hollow-fiber membrane module is used for solid–liquid separation. During steady operation ...
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Modelling a full scale membrane bioreactor using Activated Sludge Model No.1: challenges and solutions
A full-scale membrane bioreactor (1,600 m3 d−1) was monitored for modelling purposes during the summer of 2006. A complete calibration of the ASM1 model is presented, in which the key points were the wastewater characterisation, the oxygen transfer and the biomass kinetics. Total BOD tests were not able to correctly estimate the biodegradable fraction of the wastewater. Therefore the wastewater ...
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Stable Isotope Analysis Techniques: Powerful Analytical Tools for Various Fields
What Are Stable Isotope Techniques? A class of atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus is called isotopes, which can be divided into stable isotopes and radioactive isotopes. The nucleus of a radioactive isotope is unstable, and it decays into another isotope by spontaneously emitting particles. Isotopes that are not radioactive are called stable ...
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Determination of Ammonia and Nitrogen
Customer: CAE Grand Ouest, France CAE is a laboratory of the Veolia Group located in Western France. The laboratory is specializing in environmental analysis, especially in water and soil analysis. Application: Determination of Ammonia and TKN in waste water and soil Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) and Ammonia are common parameters for the evaluation of the pollution of soil and water. The ...
By BUCHI
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Introducing a New ASTM Method for the Determination of Total Nitrogen, and TKN by Calculation, in Water Samples
The USEPA Clean Water Act (CWA) requires national approval for all methods used for CWA compliance. There are approved methods for the determination of inorganic nitrogen (NO3-N, NO2-N, and NH3-N), and for organic nitrogen (TKN – NH3-N)2. There are no EPA approved methods for the determination of total nitrogen although it is a required parameter in many USEPA permits, including monitoring ...
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Activated Carbon
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal or activated coal is a form of carbon that has been processed to make it extremely porous and thus to have a very large surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. The word activated in the name is sometimes replaced with active. Due to its high degree of micro-porosity, just 1 gram of activated carbon has a surface area in excess ...
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Analytik Jena AG: State of the Art - Fully Automated and Matrix-Optimized Gas Analysis with multi EA 5000
The analysis of gaseous matrices is still a real challenge. No matrix type is as versatile in its behavior and the requirements for sample feed and combustion process. This makes it difficult to gain quick, precise, and reliable results. Thanks to the outstanding flexibility of the application-optimized gas sampling systems, the elemental analyzer multi EA 5000 can analyze liquefied gases (LPG), ...
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Demonstrating ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis performance using size exclusion chromatography
Advanced water treatment plants employing ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane processes are frequently implemented for the production of high-quality recycled water. It is important that process performance is able to be quantified and assessed to ensure it is fit for purpose. This research utilizes size exclusion chromatography with organic carbon, organic nitrogen and UV254 ...
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Measurement of temperature gradients through local extinction using Raman scattering spectroscopy
Measurements of temperature in laminar flames with localised extinction points were made using line imaging of spectrally resolved laser Raman scattering through the extinction process. A fit to the nitrogen scattering spectrum was used to determine temperature with an accuracy of 30 K. Temperature gradients through the extinction process were measured as the flame strength prior to extinction ...
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Methyl mercury and stable isotopes of nitrogen reveal that a terrestrial spider has a diet of emergent aquatic insects
Terrestrial spiders transfer methyl mercury (MeHg) to terrestrial consumers like birds but how spiders become contaminated with MeHg is not well understood. In the present study, we used stable isotopes of nitrogen in combination with MeHg to determine the source of MeHg to terrestrial long‐jawed orb weaver spiders (Tetragnatha sp). We collected spiders and a variety of other aquatic and ...
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