nuclear power plant Articles
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The role of tacit knowledge and the challenges in transferring it: a case study at the Finnish NPPs
Explicit knowledge and implementation of proper IT systems have been of concern of many organisations which recognise the importance of managing knowledge for safety operation and sustainable competitive advantage. Data and document management systems have been implemented to capture, store and distribute explicit knowledge. However, recently also awareness of the existence of tacit knowledge in ...
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Accident consequence assessment and its implications for emergency planning of the pilot commercial HTR plant in China
An effort has been launched in China to construct a pilot commercial plant using high temperature reactors. This paper presents the major results of accident consequence assessment performed in the framework of a preliminary environmental impact evaluation. Based on this, the implications of this consequence calculation for emergency planning are discussed. Finally, the current regulatory ...
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IAEA activities related to on-site management and off-site emergency preparedness involving external events including those of malevolent origin
On-site and off-site measures after the occurrence of a nuclear accident are considered the final layers of defence in depth. On-site measures may vary considerably from one event to another depending on the severity of the accident. Off-site emergency response measures also may vary and depending on the emergency situation, they may involve administering of iodine tablets, sheltering and various ...
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Present and future activities of nuclear desalination in Japan
Seawater desalination plants have been installed at several nuclear power plants in Japan in order to satisfy the regulations for nuclear plant installation. This has been done where there is a limited source of water due to the geological conditions. These desalination plants are being operated to ensure supplemental water by using thermal or electrical energy from the nuclear power plant. The ...
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Impact of organisation and management on complex technological systems safety: the nuclear lessons
In complex technological systems, safety is of paramount importance. In recent years, human and management factors have been recognised as frequent root causes of major failures in such modern technologies. We try to summarise a state-of-the-art regarding the analysis of the impact of organisational and managerial aspects on the safety of nuclear power plants including the contributions of the ...
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Radioactive release from VVER-1000 reactors after a terror attack
One of the terror scenarios for nuclear power plants is a severe damage of the reactor containment caused by a plane crash or a missile. Owing to the loss of electric power the cooling of the core would not be maintained, leading to a core melt accident. Normally in the course of severe accidents an intact containment has the ability to retain a large part of the radioactive inventory. The goal ...
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The 'threat' of radioactivity: how environmental education can help overcome it
For environmentalists, nuclear power and environmental preservation are two antagonistic ideas. They cannot accept that nuclear power is capable of supplying huge amounts of energy with the least impact on the planet. As a result, the public is misled by environmental Cassandras who prognosticate doom for a world with nuclear reactors. Inevitably, other nuclear projects, like research reactors ...
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What becomes of nuclear risk assessment in light of radiation hormesis?
A nuclear Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) is a scientific calculation that uses assumptions and models to determine the likelihood of plant failures and the corresponding releases of radioactivity. Estimated radiation doses are linked improperly to risks of cancer death. Using very pessimistic assumptions, PRAs indicate nuclear power plants are very safe compared to other generating options ...
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Prospective use of individual emergency monitoring of the public lessons from Chernobyl
Experience in individual dosimetric and radiometric surveys of the public during the early phase of the Chernobyl accident has been considered. Delay in implementation of individual measurements was the reason why such results were not used in emergency management. Analysis of the estimates of thyroid doses based on the results of individual monitoring showed that 3050% of small children residing ...
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Nuclear Applications using CO₂ Sensors
Safety is a top priority for nuclear applications in power plants. CO₂-cooled reactors are inherently safer than water-cooled reactors, but it is essential to prevent, detect, and repair CO₂ leaks to maintain safe operation. Infrared sensors from Edinburgh Sensors provide the ideal leak detection solution for nuclear research and nuclear power plants. Nuclear power stations convert energy stored ...
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Belgian Order for STS Electras
Safe Training Systems Belgian distributor Raydiant BV have placed an order for multiple sets of STS Thermo Electras with HP260 simulated probes for simulated radiation contamination monitoring. The order follows a series of very successful demonstrations of the STS simulation system to Nuclear Power Plants and Nuclear Research Establishments throughout Belgium. This recent activity comes soon ...
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Effect of substrate dilution on corrosion of colmonoy-6 weld overlays in nitric acid
In the moderator system of some nuclear power plants, subsequent to the activation of the safety shutdown system, Gd3+ is removed by ion exchange prior to reactor start-up. During this process, the pH of the system water can get lowered to 3 due to generation of HNO3. Colmonoy-6, which is weld-deposited over valve internals, was found to corrode considerably at this pH. This paper presents a ...
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Determination and justification of the reference scenarios and associated source terms for emergency planning in Switzerland
For the purpose of planning emergency countermeasures in a nuclear accident, realistic reference scenarios were defined on the basis of general plant features. Three types of scenario cover the accident sequences expected to be the most probable. Time-scales and releases are identical for all Swiss Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs), although the plants differ in inventory, reactor type and age. The ...
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Experiences with the seawater reverse osmosis plant at the Kudankulam nuclear power plant
The Seawater Reverse Osmosis Plant (SWROP) of the Kudankulam nuclear power plant is located at Anuvijay township, Chettikulam, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu. The objective is to produce 2400 M³ of potable water per day. The plant consists of four streams, each having a capacity of 25 M³/h. Each stream has nine pressure tubes in parallel and each pressure tube has six polyamide spiral-wound ...
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Emergency zoning and PSA applications in Finland
In the siting of a nuclear power plant, the aim is to protect the plant against external threats as well as to minimise any environmental detriments and threats that might arise from the plant. Finnish regulations include Nuclear Legislation, Government Decisions (on Reactor safety, Emergency Preparedness, Physical Protection and Waste management and disposal) and YVL Guides issued by the ...
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System of combined active and passive control of fissile materials and their nuclide composition in nuclear wastes
New methods of non-destructive control must be developed and existing ones must be improved in order to solve the problem of control of fissile materials (FMs) in vessels with nuclear wastes, and to provide safe operation of nuclear power plants. This paper considers the application of active methods of control on the basis of DD or DT pulsed neutron generators. These methods are more ...
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A legal framework of financial liability of the nuclear power reactor industry in the field of waste management in Sweden and proposals for improvements
According to the nuclear legislation in Sweden, companies licensed to operate nuclear power plants have overall responsibility for safely managing all nuclear waste and to pay all expenses regarding final disposal. A committee was set up by the Government to explore the requirements in the present legislation, and if necessary, make proposals for improvements. The committee proposed that the ...
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Nuclear regulatory processes in India: a review of public engagement
Public involvement is imperative in the nuclear regulatory process in India, owing to the nature of concerns arising out of processes for harnessing nuclear energy, as also the recent wave of democratic activism submerging India, evidenced by the protests against nuclear power plants in Kudankulam and Jaitapur and anti–corruption movements. India's nuclear regulatory authority does not provide ...
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Accuracy in temperature sensor response time estimation for new nuclear reactor designs
One method for measuring the response time of temperature sensors, the plunge test, verifies that the sensor has a suitable response time in the laboratory before installation. However, plunge test results cannot be extrapolated to the response time in an operating plant because response time is affected by multiple factors such as the ratio of internal heat-transfer resistance to the surface ...
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Implementation of the results of the uncertainty analysis of the COSYMA package for zoning purposes
The EC and US probabilistic accident consequence codes, COSYMA and MACCS, respectively, estimate the risks and other endpoints associated with hypothetical accidents at nuclear installations. A joint project for an uncertainty analysis of these two codes used a rigorous expert judgement procedure with multiple experts. For all assessments, eight panels of six to ten experts were used. The ...
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