ocean modeling Articles
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The Indian Summer Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillations in CFSv2 Forecasts: Biases and Importance of Improving Air-Sea Interaction Processes
Northward-propagating Indian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) are a major origin of the active-break spells of the monsoon rainfall. Forecasting results for 28 active and 27 break spells from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System version-2 (CFSv2) during 1999-2010 are analyzed. CFSv2 forecasts are able to represent the propagation of ...
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Impact of surface ocean acidification on the CO2 absorption rate
The rising level of atmospheric CO2 and consequently the acidification of the surface ocean affect the CO2 absorption rate. However, there are no mathematical models to describe the impacts of acidification on the rate of CO2 absorption. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop simple mathematical models to describe the dependence of the CO2 absorption rate on the pH of the surface ...
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Projected precipitation and air temperature over Europe using a performance-based selection method of CMIP5 GCMs
An assessment of the plausible climate change in precipitation and surface air temperature (SAT) over the European region by the end of the 21st century is provided. The assessment is based on the results of output of the ocean–atmosphere models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5). Six climate models that best reproduce the historical behaviour of SAT ...
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Linking near- and far-field hydrodynamic models for simulation of desalination plant brine discharges
A desalination plant is proposed to be the major water supply to the Olympic Dam Expansion Mining project. Located in the Upper Spencer Gulf, South Australia, the site was chosen due to the existence of strong currents and their likely advantages in terms of mixing and dilution of discharged return water. A high-resolution hydrodynamic model (Estuary, Lake and Coastal Ocean Model, ELCOM) was ...
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Global water estimates `uncertain`
Great uncertainty exists regarding estimates of the global water budget (the amount of water involved in the hydrological cycle every year) because of discrepancies between global atmosphere and ocean models, and direct observations, a study has found. Furthermore, these uncertainties may worsen as the number of water measurement stations around the world decrease — providing fewer ...
By SciDev.Net
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El Niño- or La Niña-like climate change?
The potential for the mean climate of the tropical Pacific to shift to more El Niño-like conditions as a result of human induced climate change is subject to a considerable degree of uncertainty. The complexity of the feedback processes, the wide range of responses of different atmosphere–ocean global circulation models (AOGCMs) and difficulties with model simulation of present day El Niño ...
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Projection of future daily precipitation series and extreme events by using a multi-site statistical downscaling model over the great Montréal area, Québec, Canada
This study suggested strategies to project future precipitation series based on a multi-site hybrid SDM (statistical downscaling model), which can downscale precipitation series at multiple observation sites simultaneously by combining the multivariate multiple linear regression (MMLR) model and the stochastic randomization procedure. The hybrid SDM and future projection methodologies applied ...
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Precipitation downscaling in climate modelling using a spatial dependence function
Climate change impacts are among the future significant effects on the socioeconomic, cultural and political affairs of any society, whether as towns, cities, regions, countries and the world at large. It is therefore necessary to predict future impacts by modelling logical and rational scenarios. Such scenarios are available internationally in the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (IPCC) and ...
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Uncertainty of climate change and its impact on reference evapotranspiration in Rasht City, Iran
There are many factors of uncertainty regarding the impact of climate change on reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The accuracy of the results is strictly related to these factors and ignoring any one of them reduces the precision of the results, and reduces their applicability for decision makers. In this study, the uncertainty related to two ETo models, the Hargreaves-Samani (HGS) and ...
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An appropriate general circulation model (GCM) to investigate climate change impact
There is a wide agreement in the international scientific society that climate change will modify climatic variables. Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) is an appropriate model to produce climatic scenarios. The first step to climate change studies is currently using the most appropriate AOGCM output. In this study, AOGCM's for a time period of 1961-1990 in Shahrekord synoptic ...
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Downscaling technique to estimate hydrologic vulnerability to climate change: an application to the Conchos River Basin, Mexico
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests that vulnerability to climate change depends on three main factors: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Each factor was evaluated in a hydrologic context, for instance exposure was interpreted as a change in surface runoff. Factors were combined using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and an overall methodology to map ...
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Water quality simulation of sewage impacts on the west coast of Mumbai, India
Most coastal cities use the ocean as a site of waste disposal where pollutant loading degrades the quality of coastal waters. Presently, the west coast of Mumbai receives partially treated effluent from wastewater treatment facilities through ocean outfalls and discharges into creeks as well as wastewater/sewage from various open drains and nallahs which affect the water quality of creek and ...
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Shellfisheries: Time to prepare for ocean acidification
Both physical and social factors must be considered as coastal communities brace for an uncertain future. Oceans are gradually becoming warmer and more acidic as more carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere — two shifts that are altering the economic foundations of many coastal regions. In a new study published in Nature Climate Change, we and our colleagues set out to identify hot spots ...
By Ensia
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Three ways artificial intelligence is helping to save the world
As computers get smarter, scientists look at new ways to enlist them in environmental protection. When you think of artificial intelligence, the first image that likely comes to mind is one of sentient robots that walk, talk and emote like humans. But there’s a different kind of AI that’s becoming prevalent in nearly all of the sciences. It’s known as machine learning, and it ...
By Ensia
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Salt Drift: Surprisingly Short Hang Times
One of the biggest questions I always get asked from potential clients wanting to incorporate enhanced evaporation equipment, is the containment of salt drift from high TDS waste streams. As technology improves and more studies evolve, one thing is for sure, salt is always in the atmosphere, mostly from the salt loading from the ocean due to natures design. Surprisingly, models and observations ...
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Studying Clouds in the Antarctic with Micro Pulse LiDAR
Researchers in the Australian Antarctic Science project collected aerosol data above the Southern Ocean to improve their understanding of the connection between clouds and climate change. Evaporation and condensation are the basic concepts leading to cloud formation; however, many factors impact the end results. In general, as water vapor molecules rise from the surface of the Earth, they ...
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Atmospheric Microplastics Collecting in National Parks
A new study has tracked dispersal of the particles following atmospheric patterns over long distances Plastic is slow to break down on a molecular level, but it readily breaks into smaller and smaller shards and fibers that can cause health problems and environmental damage. We call these tiny bits of plastic in the environment microplastics, and, according to new scientific research, 11 billion ...
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Why we Need Weather Buoys to Track Coastal Storm Surge
As is well documented, hurricanes are getting stronger. The likelihood that a hurricane will be Category 3 or higher is increasing by about 8% per decade. These storms carry sustained winds of at least 110mph, which can cause billions of dollars of damage. To brace ourselves for stronger storms, engineers are developing increasingly durable devices for monitoring extreme ocean conditions. ...
By Sofar Ocean
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Ocean science for sustainable development: Facts and figures
Sarah Grimes explores why we need good ocean monitoring, how to get it, and why it still fails Small Island Developing States. Oceans are a critically important component of the Earth system, supporting ecosystem and human health. They regulate the weather and climate; are essential for producing freshwater; and soak up carbon. They also provide food and other resources, trade and migration ...
By SciDev.Net
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New Source Permitting and Visibility: Strategies for Developers of New Emissions Sources
Several recent developments have occurred which affect thousands of new or proposed emission sources in virtually every region of the country. These developments include the availability of new, more accurate techniques for assessing air quality impacts, and the increasing influence of Federal Land Managers (FLMs). Proposed facilities that are major emissions sources subject to Prevention of ...
By AECOM
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