oil dispersant Articles
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Oil droplet ingestion and oil fouling in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus exposed to mechanically and chemically dispersed crude oil
The rate of ingestion of oil micro droplets and oil fouling were investigated in the zooplankton filter‐feeder Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770) at three concentrations of oil dispersions ranging from 0.25 to 5.6 mg x L−1. In order to compare responses to mechanically and chemically dispersed oil, the copepods were exposed to comparable dispersions of micron‐sized oil droplets made with ...
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Enhanced oil–mineral aggregation with modified bentonite
The application of modified-bentonite-enhanced oil dispersion in water and oil–mineral aggregate (OMA) formation was studied in the laboratory. The effect of modification on the surface properties of bentonite was characterized. The hydrophobicity and surface electric properties of bentonite were significantly improved by attaching cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide to its surface. The ...
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Oil and oil dispersant do not cause synergistic toxicity to fish embryos
Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) embryos were exposed to water accommodated fractions (WAFs; oil dissolved in water) and chemically enhanced water accommodated fractions (CEWAFs; oil dispersed in water with Corexit 9500A) of Medium South American (MESA) crude oil. The CEWAF was approximately 100‐fold more toxic than WAF based on nominal loadings of test solutions (% v/v). In contrast, the ...
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Development of aquatic toxicity benchmarks for oil products using species sensitivity distributions
Determining the sensitivity of a diversity of species to spilled oil and chemically dispersed oil continues to be a significant challenge in spill response and impact assessment. We used standardized tests from the literature to develop species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of acute aquatic toxicity values for several petroleum products and two Corexit oil dispersants. Fifth percentile ...
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Dispersant and salinity effects on weathering and acute toxicity of South Louisiana crude oil
Chemical dispersants are an important technology in the remediation of oil spills in the aquatic environment, facilitating degradation of crude oil and salinity is an important factor in dispersant effectiveness. The aim of the current study was to explore the role of salinity on the degradation chemistry of crude oil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and acute toxicity of the water ...
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Toxicity of crude oil chemically dispersed in a wave tank to embryos of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)
Tests of crude oil toxicity to fish are often chronic, exposing embryos from fertilization to hatch to oil solutions prepared using standard mixing procedures. However, during oil spills, fish are not often exposed for long periods and the dynamic nature of the ocean is not easily replicated in the lab. Our objective was to determine if brief exposures of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) ...
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Comparative effects of biological and chemical dispersants on the bioavailability and toxicity of crude oil to early life stages of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma)
We assessed the bioavailability and chronic toxicity of water‐accommodated fractions of crude oil (WAFs) and two dispersants plus dispersed crude oil (chemical dispersant + crude oil, CE‐WAF, and biological dispersant + crude oil, BE‐WAF) on the early life stages of marine medaka, Oryzias melastigma. Results showed that the addition of the two dispersants caused a three‐ and four‐fold increase ...
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Simultaneous exposure to chronic hypoxia and dissolved PAHs results in reduced egg production and larval survival in the Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus)
Estuarine fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico are annually exposed to hypoxic conditions. In addition to hypoxia, fish located throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico were potentially exposed to oil released during the Deepwater Horizon incident. Therefore; the interaction between oil exposure and hypoxia is worthy of investigation. To examine this interaction, we exposed adult and larval ...
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Acute toxicity of chemically and mechanically dispersed crude oil on juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Absence of synergistic effects between oil and dispersants
The goal of this experiment was to assess the relative acute toxicities of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil (Crude Arabian Light) in controlled conditions. Juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were exposed to four commercial formulations of dispersants (Corexit EC9500A, Dasic Slickgone NS, Finasol OSR 52, Inipol IP 90), to mechanically dispersed oil and to the corresponding ...
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Chronic effects of non‐weathered and weathered crude oil and dispersant associated with the deepwater horizon incident on development of larvae of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica
In this study we examined the effects of chronic exposure of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) larvae to the water‐accommodated fractions of fresh and weathered oils collected from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident, with and without additions of the dispersant Corexit 9500A, as well as to solutions of Corexit alone. We found that both shell growth of larvae exposed to test materials ...
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Effects of dispersed oil on reproduction in the cold water copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus)
Following a 120 hours exposure period to three concentrations of oil dispersions (0.022, 1.8 and 16.5 mg L−1 + controls) generated from a North Sea crude oil, and a subsequent 21 days recovery, mortality and several reproduction endpoints (egg production rates, egg hatching success, fraction of females participating in reproduction) in Calanus finmarchicus were studied. Concentration‐dependent ...
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Tri Parish Times OSE II oil spill clean up
OSE II can prevent illness suffered from the use of dispersants. OSE II has been demonstrated over 11 times on the BP spill and successfully tested by BY for their Deep Water Horizon Spill. OSE II has proven to remediate not only the oil by the toxic dispersants BP used on the spill to sink the oil. OSE II has proven in front of news camera's to be capable of removing BP spilled oil from sandy ...
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Comparative Testing of Corexit EC9500A, Finasol OSR52, Accell Clean DWD, and ZI 400 at Ohmsett in a Simulated Arctic Environment
Abstract The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) recently conducted independent dispersant effectiveness testing. Several products were tested under simulated arctic conditions at Ohmsett. The test program was conducted to better understand the effectiveness of various dispersants under the test conditions and compare the products. The results will assist BSEE and its federal ...
By OHMSETT
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The acute toxicity of chemically and physically dispersed crude oil to key arctic species under arctic conditions during the open water season
The acute toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed crude oil and the dispersant Corexit 9500 were evaluated for key Arctic species. The copepod Calanus glacialis, juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), and larval sculpin (Myoxocephalus sp.) were tested under conditions representative of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas during the ice‐free season. Toxicity of three water accommodated ...
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Chronic toxicity of heavy fuel oils to fish embryos using multiple exposure scenarios
The chronic toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos of heavy fuel oil (HFO) 6303, weathered HFO 6303, HFO 7102, and Medium South American (MESA) crude oil was assessed by different exposure regimes. These included water accommodated fractions (WAF: water in contact with floating oil), chemically‐enhanced WAF (CEWAF: oil dispersed with Corexit 9500), and effluent from columns of ...
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Air bubble and oil droplet interactions in centrifugal fields during air-sparged hydrocyclone flotation
The interactions of air bubbles and oil droplets in centrifugal flotation have been considered with respect to process conditions present during Air-sparged Hydrocyclone (ASH) flotation. Encounter efficiency of oil droplets with air bubbles has been found to be significantly smaller when compared to encounter efficiency of mineral particles. Collision and sliding contact times have been ...
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Acute effects of non‐weathered and weathered crude oil and dispersant associated with the deepwater horizon incident on the development of marine bivalve and echinoderm larvae
Acute toxicity tests (48 to 96 hours duration) were conducted with larvae of two echinoderm species (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Dendraster excentricus) and four bivalve mollusk species (Crassostrea virginica, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and Mercenaria mercenaria). Developing larvae were exposed to water‐accommodated fractions (WAFs) and chemically enhanced water ...
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Surfactant-assisted oil-in-water monitoring
A variety of common surfactants have been used to reduce fouling and enhance the performance of fluorescence-based oil-in-water monitors. Among the most effective are the alcohol ethoxylates with HLB values close to 12. Examples are SurfonicTM L24-9 (Hunstman, USA, HLB 13) and TergitolTM 15-S-7 (HLB 12.1). These surfactants readily convert heterogeneous oil/water mixtures into homogeneous, ...
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Effects of chemical dispersant and seasonal conditions on the fate of spilled oil – modelling of a hypothetical spill near Saint John, NB
The proposed Energy East pipeline project has raised concerns about potential oil spills in Saint John, New Brunswick. While environmental conditions could pose challenges for using mechanical recovery methods if a spill occurs, chemical dispersant could be an alternative. However, the application of chemical dispersant in shallow water and costal zones remains an issue of debate. ...
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Performance of an enhanced pervious pavement system loaded with large volumes of hydrocarbons
Five litres of lubricating oil and two 8.5 litre batches of diesel were deposited on each of two hydraulically isolated experimental enhanced pervious pavement parking bays. The 50 mm aggregate subbases of the two bays were of either recycled concrete or crushed limestone. The bays were constructed in such a way that a near-surface gravity separator was created by the arranging of the outlet ...
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