Passive Diffusion Articles on Environmental XPRT

ITRC position paper for passive diffusion sampling, 2002

This document is intended to facilitate the use of polyethylene diffusion bag (PDB) samplers for long-term monitoring (LTM). The guidelines presented in Sections 2 and 3 relate to appropriate implementation, data interpretation, and regulatory issues of concern. Although diffusion samplers can be useful for many different activities and have membranes composed of various materials, this ...

Apr. 12, 2010

By EON Products Inc.

ITRC guidance document for passive diffusion sampling

The ITRC in conjunction with the USGS, US EPA, US Army Corp of Engineers, and other prominent federal and state groups have released a comprehensive document, based on significant case studies and backed up by controlled laboratory testing, for the use of polyethylene membrane passive diffusion samplers, such as the EQUILIBRATOR Diffusion Sampler manufactured by EON Products, Inc. Part 1 of the ...

Apr. 12, 2010

By EON Products Inc.

ITRC technical regulatory guidelines for passive diffusion sampling, 2004

Polyethylene diffusion bag (PDB) samplers are low-density polyethylene bags containing deionized water, used to collect water samples in groundwater wells for laboratory analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). PDB samplers are passive devices, relying on the movement of groundwater from the aquifer or water-bearing zone through the screen or open interval of a well. VOCs in groundwater ...

Apr. 12, 2010

By EON Products Inc.

ITRC technology overview of passive sampling technologies

This document presents technical overviews of 12 passive sampling technologies. It describes each technology’s basis of operation, intended applications, advantages, limitations, and development status. Contacts for additional information are provided. This overview is an outgrowth of interest and information generated in preparation of the ITRC Technical and Regulatory Guidance for Using ...

Apr. 12, 2010

By EON Products Inc.

Monitoring of nitrogen dioxide in and around an Oman liquid natural gas plant using passive diffusion tubes: exposure and ISCST model study

Recognising that nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may be the primary air contaminant released from an Oman liquid natural gas (LNG) plant, this study has been designed with emphasis on this pollutant. The dispersion of NO2 was examined and compared with measured data during the period from 23 February to 1 April 2001. The observed concentrations were obtained by using NO2 ...

Jan. 26, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers

Mcclellan air force base diffusion

Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. (Parsons ES) was retained by the US Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence Technology Transfer Division (AFCEE/ERT) to perform an evaluation of passive groundwater diffusion sampling technology. The diffusion sampler evaluation was funded under Contract F11623-94-D0024, Delivery Order RL72, as part of the AFCEE/ERT Remedial Process Optimization (RPO) ...

Apr. 12, 2010

By EON Products Inc.

Calibration of a passive, in situ, integrative sampler for monitoring of microbial biotoxins in aquatic environments

In this work, an integrative passive sampler based on a silicone membrane filled with a suspension of γ-Fe2O3 at pH 3.5 was developed. The novel device was calibrated for the measurement of microcystin concentrations in water. Laboratory calibration studies of the passive sampling devises under controlled conditions of temperature, water turbulence, and analyte concentration were ...

Jul. 7, 2015

By IWA Publishing

Thickness and material selection of polymeric passive samplers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water: Which more strongly affects sampler properties?

Three configurations of single‐phase‐polymer passive samplers made of polyoxymethylene (POM), silicone rubber (SR) and polyethylene (PE) were simultaneously calibrated in laboratory experiments by determining their partitioning coefficients and the POM diffusion coefficients and by validating a kinetic accumulation model. In addition, the performance of each device was evaluated under field ...

Dec. 8, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Labile, dissolved and particulate PAHs and trace metals in wastewater: passive sampling, occurrence, partitioning in treatment plants

The occurrence and the partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and seven metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were investigated in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants by means of passive and active sampling. Concentrations total dissolved and particulate contaminants were determined in wastewater at several points across the treatment system by means of grab sampling. ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Fate Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls In A Contaminated Lake Ecosystem: Combining Equilibrium Passive Sampling Of Sediment And Water With Total Concentration Measurements Of Biota

Equilibrium sampling devices (ESDs) can be applied to study and monitor the exposure and fate of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) on a thermodynamic basis. ESDs can be used to determine freely dissolved concentrations and chemical activity ratios, and to predict equilibrium partitioning concentrations of HOCs in biota lipids. Our aim was to assess the equilibrium status of polychlorinated ...

Jun. 6, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Passive sampling for target and non‐target analyses of moderately polar and nonpolar substances in water

The applicability of silicone rubber and low density polyethylene (LDPE) as passive sampling materials for target and non‐target analyses of moderately polar and non‐polar substances was assessed through a field deployment of samplers along a small polluted stream in Oslo (Norway). Silicone and LDPE samplers of identical surface area (but different volumes) were deployed at six sites in the ...

Apr. 29, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Modeling the transport of organic chemicals between polyethylene passive samplers and water in finite and infinite bath conditions

Understanding the transfer of chemicals between passive samplers (PS) and water is essential for their use as monitoring devices of organic contaminants in surface waters. By applying Fick's 2nd law to diffusion through the polymer and an aqueous boundary layer, we derived a mathematical model for the uptake of chemicals into PS from water, in finite and infinite bath conditions. The finite ...

Jun. 25, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: Scientific rationale supporting use of freely dissolved concentrations

Passive sampling methods (PSMs) allow the quantification of the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) of an organic contaminant even in complex matrices such as sediments. Cfree is directly related to a contaminant's chemical activity, which drives spontaneous processes including diffusive uptake into benthic organisms and exchange with the overlying water column. Consequently, Cfree provides ...

Nov. 29, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Residential Vapor Intrusion Evaluation: Long Duration Passive Sampling v. Short Duration Active Sampling

Abstract Sampling indoor air for potential vapor intrusion impacts using current standard 24-hour sample collection methods may not adequately account for temporal variability and detect contamination best represented by long-term sampling periods. Mr. Henry Schuver of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Solid Waste staled at the September 2007 Air & Waste Management ...

Jul. 1, 2008

By Beacon Environmental Services, Inc.

Field Method Comparison between Passive Air Samplers and Continuous Monitors for VOCs and NO2 in El Paso, Texas

This study evaluates the performance of Model 3300 Ogawa Passive Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Samplers and 3M 3520 Organic Vapor Monitors (OVMs) by comparing integrated passive sampling concentrations to averaged hourly NO2 and volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements at two sites in El Paso, TX. Sampling periods were three time intervals (3-day weekend, 4-day weekday, and 7-day weekly) for three ...

Mar. 1, 2004

By Ogawa & Company, USA, Inc.

Determination of silicone rubber and low density polyethylene diffusion and polymer‐water partition coefficients for emerging contaminants

There is a growing interest in assessing the concentration and distribution of new non‐regulated organic compounds (emerging contaminants) in the environment. The measurement of freely dissolved concentrations using conventional approaches is challenging as a result of the low concentrations that may be encountered and their temporally variable emissions. Absorption‐based passive sampling ...

Feb. 2, 2016

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at work, at home, and during leisure time: personal exposure measurements by diffusive sampling of airborne 3-Ethenylpyridine

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with an increased risk of several diseases. In 2002, the ETS exposure level was studied in a Finnish cross-sectional population sample with a sub-sample of currently working nonsmokers. In all, 123 nonsmokers (25-64 years) reporting at least 1 h of daily exposure to ETS participated in personal exposure measurements. Two 3 M organic vapor monitors, ...

Oct. 1, 2008

By SAGE Publications

Integral Model for Turbulent Buoyant Jets in Unbounded Stratified Flows Part 2: Plane Jet Dynamics Resulting from Multiport Diffuser Jets

Abstract An integral model for the plane buoyant jet dynamics resulting from the interaction of multiple buoyant jet effluxes spaced along a diffuser line is considered as an extension of the round jet formulation that was proposed in Part I. The receiving fluid is given by an unbounded ambient environment with uniform density or stable density stratification and under stagnant or steady ...

Jan. 17, 2006

By Springer

Biological and chemical influences on trace metal toxicity and bioaccumulation in the marine and estuarine environment

For several trace metals, bioavailability and toxicity are controlled by both chemical (free ion) and physiological effects. The role of salinity in trace metal uptake (particularly cadmium) could be explained by a mixture of free ion and biological effects. Mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MMHg) bioaccumulation is different from that of other metals because uptake of the free metal ion via ...

Jan. 26, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers

Atmospheric transport model applied to understand the effect of biogenic emissions to secondary atmospheric aerosol in hemiboreal zone

The SILAM model with built–in isoprene and monoterpene emission module from natural sources was run for May to August 2006 in Baltic Sea region. In this study VOCs were advected as passive tracers. Modelled hourly VOC–tracer concentrations were compared with sub–half–micrometre aerosol concentrations, simultaneously measured in Preila (Lithuania), Tahkuse (Estonia), Hyytiälä (southern Finland) ...

Dec. 28, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

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