PCR analysis Articles | Environmental XPRT

Abiv, a novel antiphage abortive infection mechanism on the chromosome of lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris mg1363

Insertional mutagenesis with pGhost9::ISS1 resulted in independent insertions in a 350-bp region of the chromosome of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 that conferred phage resistance to the integrants. The orientation and location of the insertions suggested that the phage resistance phenotype was caused by a chromosomal gene turned on by a promoter from the inserted construct. ...

Aug. 27, 2008

By American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

Soil and microbial characterisation and microbial–mediated iron release nearby landfills in Northwest Florida, USA

In this study, the soil of 16 landfills from 15 Northwest Florida counties was characterised through sieve analysis. On the basis of plate counts, it was found that there were around 3.0 × 104 to 9.5 × 105 Colony–Forming Units (CFU) per gram of soil for the soil of Northwest Florida. Through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and ...

Jul. 26, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Application of long amplicon propidium monoazide-PCR to assess the effects of temperature and background microbiota on pathogens in river water

The decay rates of enteric waterborne pathogens were evaluated following the introduction of Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter jejuni and Arcobacter butzleri into river water at different temperatures (5, 15 and 25°C) for a period of 28 days. To improve the accuracy of the results a molecular viability assay, long amplicon propidium monoazide-polymerase chain ...

Feb. 24, 2017

By IWA Publishing

Detection of vanA and vanB genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from groundwater using multiplex PCR analysis

A total of 22 groundwater samples were randomly collected from three rural communities in the Mafikeng area. Bile esculin agar was used for selective isolation of enterococci. Standard preliminary tests (Gram staining, oxidase test, catalase test) and confirmatory tests (Prolex™ Streptococcal Grouping Rapid Latex Agglutination test kit) were used to determine the identities of ...

Dec. 11, 2013

By IWA Publishing

Evaluation of DNA extraction methods and dilution treatment for detection and quantification of Acanthamoeba in water and biofilm by real-time PCR

Acanthamoeba, human pathogens and natural hosts of pathogenic bacteria, may be accurately detected and quantified by real-time PCR if Acanthamoeba DNA are properly extracted and PCR inhibitors are effectively eliminated. However, the optimization of DNA extraction methods has not been reported for Acanthamoeba. This study compared the effectiveness of two DNA extraction/purification methods ...

Oct. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

Evaluation of DNA extraction methods and dilution treatment for detection and quantification of Acanthamoeba in water and biofilm by real-time PCR

Acanthamoeba, human pathogens and natural hosts of pathogenic bacteria, may be accurately detected and quantified by real-time PCR if Acanthamoeba DNA are properly extracted and PCR inhibitors are effectively eliminated. However, the optimization of DNA extraction methods has not been reported for Acanthamoeba. This study compared the effectiveness of two DNA extraction/purification methods ...

Nov. 13, 2010

By IWA Publishing

Copper status of exposed microorganisms influences susceptibility to metallic nanoparticles

Although interactions of metallic nanoparticles (NP) with various microorganisms have been previously explored, few studies have examined how metal sensitivity impacts NP toxicity. Herein, we investigated the effects of copper nanoparticles' (Cu‐NPs) exposure to the model alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in the presence and absence of the essential micronutrient copper. The toxic ranges for ...

Sep. 21, 2015

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The potential role of ‘<italic>Candidatus</italic> Microthrix parvicella’ in phosphorus removal during sludge bulking in two full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal plants

The potential role of ‘Candidatus Microthrix parvicella’ in phosphorus removal during sludge bulking in two full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal plants

We investigated the bacterial community compositions and phosphorus removal performance under sludge bulking and non-bulking conditions in two biological wastewater treatment systems (conventional A2/O (anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic) and inverted A2/O (anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic) processes) receiving the same raw wastewater. Sludge bulking resulted in significant shift in bacterial compositions from ...

Jul. 23, 2014

By IWA Publishing

Microbial reduction in wastewater treatment using Fe³⁺ and Al³⁺ coagulants and PAA disinfectant

Wastewater is an important source of pathogenic enteric microorganisms in surface water and a major contaminating agent of drinking water. Although primary and secondary wastewater treatments reduce the numbers of microorganisms in wastewater, significant numbers of microbes can still be present in the effluent. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of tertiary treatment for ...

Dec. 11, 2013

By IWA Publishing

Human infective potential of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in urban wastewater treatment plant effluents

Cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and microsporidiosis are important waterborne diseases. In the standard for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents in China and other countries, the fecal coliform count is the only microbial indicator, raising concerns about the potential for pathogen transmission through WWTP effluent reuse. In this study, we collected 50 effluent samples (30 L/sample) ...

Jan. 4, 2016

By IWA Publishing

Pathogenic Escherichia coli in rural household container waters

Plastic containers in the range of 5–20 L are widely used – especially in rural African settings – to collect, transport and store water for domestic use, including drinking, bathing and hygiene. The pathogen content of the waters in these containers has not been adequately characterized as yet. This paper presents the primary findings of a synoptic survey of drinking water ...

Mar. 18, 2013

By IWA Publishing

PCR assay targeting virulence genes of <italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic> isolated from drinking water and clinical samples in Lahore metropolitan, Pakistan

PCR assay targeting virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori isolated from drinking water and clinical samples in Lahore metropolitan, Pakistan

Helicobacter pylorus is considered for chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers and adenocarcinoma and its high infection rate is observed in overcrowded and lower socioeconomic groups in developing countries. This study was designed to identify the role of drinking water in the transmission and prevalence of H. pylori (HP). Selective HP medium was developed for enrichment and presumptive identification ...

Mar. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Detection of human enteric viruses in Umgeni River, Durban, South Africa

The prevalence of adenovirus (AdV), rotaviruses (RV) and enteroviruses (EV) in Umgeni River waters of Durban, South Africa was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively during April 2011 to January 2012 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nested PCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR), as well as nested integrated cell culture PCR (nested ...

Apr. 29, 2015

By IWA Publishing

A strategy for Ordered single molecule Sequencing based on Nanomanipulation (OsmSN)

In this mini-review we present the concept and the advancement of a novel strategy termed "ordered single molecule sequencing based on nanomanipulation (OsmSN)" for whole-genome sequencing. Techniques have been developed to integrate the processes including dissection and isolation of DNA molecules with sufficient spatial resolution together with the subsequent single molecule PCR to ...

Feb. 6, 2007

By Inderscience Publishers

Characteristics of different fractions of microbial flocs and their role in membrane fouling

Characteristics of different fractions (small flocs vs. large flocs) of sludge flocs from a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating thermomechanical pulping (TMP) whitewater were determined using various analytic techniques, including extraction and chemical analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), particle size analyzer, and polymer chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Increased expression of genes in a radioresistant cell strain: modulation of hnRNP E2, Hsp90 and SSBP2 genes in γ-irradiated Chinese hamster V79 cells

The methotrexate-resistant cell strain M5, derived from Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line V79, provides a good model to study differential gene expression in response to stress. Genes coding for human homologues of myosin phosphatase (AF458589), filamin-like protein (AAA92644), phosphate transporter 1 (AAH199441) and hnRNP E2 (NP_035172.1) were upregulated in M5 as determined by RAP-PCR. ...

Mar. 25, 2008

By Inderscience Publishers

Quantitative and qualitative effects of bioaugmentation on ammonia oxidisers at a two-step WWTP

Large waste water treatment plants (WWTP) often operate nitrification in two different process environments: the cold-dilute sewage is treated in the mainstream nitrification/denitrification system, while the high strength ammonia liquors from sludge dewatering are treated in a separate high temperature reactor (SBR). This study investigates transfer from nitrifier biomass into a two-stage WWTP, ...

Feb. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

Integration of nitrification and denitrification by combining anoxic and aerobic conditions in a membrane bioreactor

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) was developed to achieve nitrogen removal by combining nitrification and denitrification conditions in one reactor. The activated sludge was alternated between aerobic and anoxic conditions using peristaltic pump. The biomass concentration and floc morphological properties were observed to be similar in anoxic and aerobic compartments. However, the homogeneous ...

Dec. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing

Effect of side-stream phosphorus recovery on biological phosphorus removal performance investigated by chemical and microbial analyses in a novel BNR-IC process

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of side-stream ratio (SSR) on performance of phosphorus (P) removal and recovery in a novel process linking biological nutrients removal (BNR) and induced crystallization (IC). Results showed that P removal efficiency was significantly enhanced when given an appropriate SSR, resulting in effluent P concentrations decreasing from 0.75 to 0.39 mg/L ...

Nov. 18, 2014

By IWA Publishing

Biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by recombinant bacteria containing Alasan gene

Alasan, the bioemulsifier of Acinetobacter radioresistens KA53, is a high molecular-mass complex of an alanine-containing polysaccharide and three proteins. This gene was isolated from the A. radioresistens using PCR and the amplified product (850 bp) was cloned using PGEMT cloning kit. DNA sequence was carried out for the amplification and sequence analysis showed that the PCR product was highly ...

Jul. 20, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers

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