pollution modeling Articles
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The ADMS building effects module
We describe the features required of practical models for building-affected dispersion and the modelling used in ADMS to provide them. We go on to illustrate the model's capabilities through sensitivity studies and comparisons with data.Keywords: atmospheric dispersion models, building effects, concentrations, air pollution, environmental pollution, ...
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Photochemical smog modelling in Prague
A model for simulation and evaluation of summer episodes of anthropogenic surface ozone (summer smog episodes) is presented in this paper. This model has been used for air-pollution studies in the region of Prague (central part of Bohemia, the Czech Republic). It is based on so-called "puff model" technology and the Lagrangian method of trajectory construction in the boundary layer of ...
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Spline interpolation for modelling of accumulated effects of ozone
An alternative approach for computing exposure indices, such as AOT40 of the ground-level ozone, is considered in this paper. The aim of the study is to compare it with the traditional way of calculating the exposure indices in order to discover possible weaknesses or strengths of both approaches. The problem under consideration is of great importance when modelling results, obtained after ...
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An air quality modelling system for a medium-sized town: a case study in Estonia
The air pollution modelling system used in Tartu (population 101,000) is aimed at examining the pollution levels in different meteorological conditions, and determining optimal traffic schemes and strategic development plans for the city. The system consists of: (i) a Gaussian plume model AEROPOL, and (ii) a database on sources of NOx2Keywords: AEROPOL model, air pollution modelling, air ...
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Evaluation of the Gaussian puff model based on measurements
Concentrations calculated with the Gaussian puff model have been compared with measurements obtained from the dispersion experiments conducted at Lillestrom, Copenhagen, and Kincaid. The following dispersion parameters were used in the Gaussian puff model: Pasquill-Gifford, Briggs, Brookhaven and OML. Comparisons of the calculated and measured values of the concentrations have been carried out ...
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Tritium dispersion simulation in the atmosphere from ANGRA I Nuclear Power Plant
In this work, we check the ability of an air pollution model to simulate the concentration of radioactive material emitted from the Nuclear Power Plant of Angra dos Reis, Brazil. To achieve this goal, we solve the time-dependent two-dimensional equation by the Generalised Integral Laplace Transform Technique (GILTT) method. The wind field was reconstructed by the MM5 mesoscale model and the ...
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The model validation exercise at Mol: overview of results
Prior to this workshop, a Model Validation Kit was distributed to a number of research groups. The Kit is a collection of three experimental datasets accompanied by software for model evaluation. Five groups returned their results to the author before the workshop. Here, an overview of their results is given. Model evaluation procedures are discussed, and a number of pitfalls involved in ...
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On efficient numerical solution of one-dimensional convection?diffusion equations in modelling atmospheric processes
A new approach is proposed to the numerical solution of one-dimensional convection?diffusion equations that arise in modelling atmospheric processes and air pollution modelling. The technique is based on upstream-type difference approximations for first-order derivatives and non-standard difference approximations for second-order derivatives of convection?diffusion equations. This approach leads ...
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Dispersion modelling near tunnel exits: simulation and measurements
Measurements of car exhaust gases were made in May/June 1995 in the vicinity of the Bielefeld tunnel. CO and NOx from car exhausts were measured to allow comparison with a model simulation. Ozone was also measured. These measurements were made using commercial continuous analysers. A valve control system was used to investigate the dispersion of the trace gases. This allowed measurements at ...
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Modelling long-term averages of local ambient air pollution in Oslo, Norway: evaluation of nitrogen dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5
Large seasonal variations in climate as in Norway give challenges for air pollution modelling, especially of Particulate Matter (PM) that seldom has been evaluated. The EPISODE model calculated ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), PM with diameter Keywords: evaluation, modelling, long-term averages, ambient air pollution, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, air quality, ...
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Regulatory dispersion modelling in Denmark
In Denmark, the basic model for environmental impact assessments is the so-called OML model. The OML model is a Gaussian model, but in contrast to conventional regulatory models its physical description is not based on the traditional discrete stability categories. Instead, the model uses basic scaling parameters such as friction velocity, the Monin-Obukhov length, and the convective velocity ...
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Development of an integrated system for air pollutant dispersion modelling
A complex expert system for air pollutant dispersion modeling (ScalEx) is currently being developed at Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade. The project goal is to develop a powerful software system as an engineering toolbox for modelling air pollutant dispersion under various conditions and terrain configurations. ScalEx is planned to be an integrated software system of the new ...
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Datasets and protocol for model validation
Prior to the present workshop, a so-called Model Validation Kit was distributed to approximately 40 research groups who were invited to test their own dispersion models with it. The Kit is a collection of three experimental datasets accompanied by software for model evaluation. It is a practical tool, meant to serve as a common frame of reference for modellers. Here, a brief description of the ...
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Dependence of street canyon concentrations on above-roof wind speed - implications for numerical modelling
For microscale numerical modelling of street canyon air pollution, the traffic-related component of the total ambient pollutant concentration is often assumed to be inversely dependent on the wind-speed at rooftops for idealised conditions of neutral stratification, no solar radiation, and no traffic-induced turbulence. Detailed data analyses of two comprehensive datasets from Gottinger Strase ...
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Dispersion of a passive pollutant in the vicinity of a U-shaped building
The three-dimensional microscale numerical model MIMO was applied to calculate the dispersion of a passive pollutant in the vicinity of a U-shaped building. Three different locations of a non-buoyant source and six different wind directions were examined. The calculated concentrations were compared with concentrations measured in a boundary layer wind tunnel. The comparison shows a very good ...
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Investigation of the regulatory atmospheric dispersion model used in China, and its comparison with some other models
The regulatory atmospheric dispersion model used in China (CRADM) is briefly described, and the main differences between CRADM and the models used in western countries, such as HPDM and AMS, are analysed. The various aspects of CRADM, HPDM and AMS for same input are compared and discussed. Especially, it is indicated that the Briggs plume rise formula in neutral conditions overestimates the real ...
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Modelling of atmospheric pollutant dispersion in coastal areas
Some characteristics of air pollution in Tarragona (Spain) were investigated. Tarragona has an important petrochemical industry in a coastal region with a complex terrain. The study was made numerically in sea breeze conditions with a three-dimensional mesoscale meteorological model. The temporal and spatial variations of the wind fields have been used in the Lagrangian equation for a ...
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An operational model for vehicular pollution from a road network
We present a brief review of the mathematical model CAR-FMI (contaminants in the Air from a Road, by the Finnish Meteorological Institute). The model has been developed for regulatory purposes, for predicting dispersion of pollution from a road network. It consists of an emission module, treatment of the meteorological time-series, an atmospheric dispersion module, and statistical analysis of the ...
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Application of The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) to the urban airshed of Bangkok, Thailand
Bangkok has been faced with air pollution problems as a result of increasing traffic emissions. The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) was employed to simulate carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations based on an emissions inventory data. The hourly CO concentrations from a year-long simulation have been evaluated against observations from six monitoring sites. The simulated concentrations were evaluated ...
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Model evaluation of the Austrian Gaussian plume model ON M 9440: comparison with the Copenhagen and the Lillestrom datasets.
The Austrian Gaussian plume model ON M 9440 is evaluated with the Copenhagen and the Lillestrom datasets using the workshop model validation kit. Results strongly depend on the dataset used. Calculated concentrations agree best with the Copenhagen data (including the previous evaluation with the Kincaid data by Pechinger and Petz, 1995). As with other Gaussian models, there were problems with ...
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