process analytics Articles

Sulfur recovery The relatively high sulfur content of the still available crude oil and natural gas reserves and the more stringent standards for sulfur emissions from oil, gas, and chemical processing facilities demand reliable and cost effective technologies for sulfur recovery. Sulfur recovery refers to the conversion of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as byproduct of natural gas plants and ...

Dec. 1, 2007

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

Polypropylene Polypropylene (PP) is a generic name for a family of semicrystalline polymers. PP, as well as polyethylene (PE), belongs to the group of polyolefins, that are derived from a group of base chemicals known as olefins. Polyolefins are made by joining together small molecules (monomers) to form long-chain molecules (polymers) with thousands of individual links using a variety ...

Dec. 1, 2007

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

Credit scoring model is a key element of the automated loan approval system. The developed model is required to be validated under the internal rating–based approach of the BASEL framework. There are several techniques available for validating statistical models. These include KS statistics, C statistics, and HL statistics. When the bank cannot build a statistical model either because it does not ...

Aug. 13, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Those of us involved in the food allergen analytical community are constantly striving to improve allergen detection methods. One of the areas of focus in recent years has been to investigate how we can enhance the detection of allergens present in processed foods. The majority of the food and drink we consume has been processed or modified in some way, this processing brings about many benefits ...

Jun. 1, 2017

By Romer Labs Diagnostic GmbH

For the production of polyethylene a variety of processes is in use depending on what final products are intended to be produced. However, regardless of the process type, all plants require process analytical equipment to collect reliable and accurate information for process control, product quality, plant safety and environmental compliance. Siemens, a leader in process analytical ...

Sep. 21, 2017

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

Steel is and will remain the most important engineering and construction material in the modern world. With an actual steel production of over 100 million tons per month, the global iron and steel industry is a very dynamic industrial sector. Further steps are ongoing towards increasing resource and energy efficiency, reducing emissions and providing safe and healthy work environments. Process ...

Feb. 1, 2011

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

Methanol is a clear liquid usually made from natural gas. It is a clean burning fuel, containing almost no sulphur or nitrogenous materials. It is a petrochemical that is used to make countless industrial and consumer products. In the future, methanol could be used as a source of hydrogen for fuel cells. Different concepts are in use to produce methanol looking always for higher plant efficiency ...

Sep. 21, 2017

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

Crude oil processing Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds and relatively small quantities of other materials such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, salt and water as well as inorganics and metals. It occurs naturally in the ground and was formed millions of years ago. Crude oil varies from source to source in composition and colour. It is typically mixed with gases, which have to ...

Dec. 1, 2007

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

This research aims to establish a system for technology selection in a public utility. Selecting the most appropriate Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology at the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) is used as the case example. Seven EGAT experts participated in refining the criteria and selecting the alternatives using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The criteria are ...

Sep. 2, 2010

By Inderscience Publishers

Selection of a power market structure from the available alternatives is an important activity within an overall power sector reform programme. The evaluation criteria for selection are both subjective as well as objective in nature and the selection of alternatives is characterised by their conflicting nature. This study demonstrates a methodology for power market structure selection using the ...

Jan. 30, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers

Bioreactors Bioreactors are technical vessels of different design in which biological and chemical substances are converted or produced under controlled conditions. In bioreactors the knowledge about metabolic processes is applied to produce different substances, to generate energy and to degrade or transform pollutants. Bioreactors, also called fermenters, are not ...

Jul. 1, 2008

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

Aromatics are planar, cyclic compounds with conjugated double bonds, consisting of the elements carbon and hydrogen. Aromatics are important intermediates and used as starting materials for a wide range of products. Aromatics are derived from crude oil and, in small quantities, from coal. Process automation equipment including gas chromatographs and other process analyzers contribute essentially ...

Sep. 21, 2017

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

The production of biogas by means of the anaerobic, microbial breakdown of organic substances in “biogas plants” is growing in significance, especially against a background of increasingly scarce and expensive fossil fuels. The key energy-generating element is methane. Depending on the baseline conditions, biogas also contains small quantities of water vapor, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ...

Aug. 1, 2010

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

The competitive manufacturing environment and changing customer needs demand improved quality of products. The product quality and attributes increasingly depend upon the organisation's ability in organising manufacturing system and its equipment and facilities in an optimal manner. ISO 9000 quality management system has attracted the attention of industries all over the world. This study ...

Nov. 28, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

In this study analytical hierarchy process approach which uses expert’s knowledge, was applied for selection of the best wastewater treatment alternative for electroplating workshops, located in Tehran province, Iran. This method can be applied for complicated multi-criteria decision making to obtain scientific and reasonable ...

Sep. 1, 2008

By Center for Environment and Energy Research & Studies (CEERS)

Perfect solutions from Siemens Process Analytics Ethylene Oxide (EO) Ethylene oxide, C2H4O, under normal conditions, is a colorless, flammable gas. It is very toxic and carcinogen. Industrial production started in 1925 using the chlorohydrin process and was improved in 1931 by introducing the much more economic direct catalytic oxidation method. Currently, ...

Sep. 21, 2017

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), made from ethylene and chlorine by pyrolysis, is the feedstock for the production of the very common plastic material PVC. Modern VCM plants use integrated processes, combining endothermic and exothermic reactions in an almost energy balanced operation. Plants optimize the product quality, plant safety and cost efficiency by using advanced process control equipment ...

Sep. 21, 2017

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

NG, FT and GTL Natural Gas (NG) is a vital component of the world's supply of energy. It is one of the cleanest, safest, and most useful of all energy sources. NG is colorless, shapeless, and odorless in its pure form. It is combustible, and when burned it emits lower levels of potentially harmful byproducts into the air than other fuels. NG is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases. While it ...

Dec. 1, 2007

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

For further treatment of primary and intermediate materials, large amounts of oxygen and nitrogen are required by many industries, e. g. chemical and petrochemical, metal, semiconductor and food industry, in machine construction and many others. Oxygen and nitrogen are, together with Argon, the main constituents of ambient air. They are obtained from there by means of the air separation ...

Sep. 20, 2017

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics

Ethylene is the largest volume industrially produced organic material and its majority is used in the production of polymers and derivatives. Between a variety of processes the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in the presence of steam (steam cracker) is mostly used. Regardless of the process type, all plants require process analytical equipment to collect reliable and accurate process data for ...

Sep. 20, 2017

By Siemens Industry, Inc. - Process Analytics