publish surface water data Articles

Principal component analysis of surface water quality data of the River Drava in eastern Croatia (24 year survey)

The River Drava is one of the major, inexhaustible water sources not only for Croatia, but also for the other European countries it flows through. This study is based on the observations of 15 water variables at three sampling stations in the lower River Drava over a 24 year period. Although the obtained results revealed an improvement of most of the parameters, the values of some of them (i.e. ...

Sep. 25, 2012

By IWA Publishing
Application of water quality indices to define surface water quality in Tehran

Tehran is one of the capitals of the world that is not situated around a river, therefore surface water discharges into a network of natural streams and even some artificial canals. Owing to the lack of sewerage system, part of the sewage runs to the network of streams without any control. The aim of this work is to identify a baseline for the water quality, which will then help policy-makers and ...

Feb. 9, 2009

By Inderscience Publishers
Modelling the interaction of surface and subsurface water flow by linking TOPMODEL and MODFLOW

A coupled ground water–surface water model was used to quantify the hydrological processes in a lowland watershed. The model was constructed by coupling TOPMODEL and MODFLOW without writing new code for the integrated model. Meteorological, land use and soil type data for the Tenmile watershed, USA, were used to run TOPMODEL, which partitions precipitation into evapotranspiration, runoff and ...

Jun. 24, 2013

By Inderscience Publishers
Modeling NOM removal by softening in a surface water treatment plant

Phenomenological models and hybrid phenomenological–chemometric models were developed to predict natural organic matter (NOM) removal based on the real water treatment data from the city of Minneapolis over a 3 year period. The analysis of the modeling results showed that the phenomenological model was able to capture the major variations of NOM removal but it tended to over predict the ...

Feb. 18, 2013

By IWA Publishing
Supporting constructed wetlands in P removal efficiency from surface water

The research investigated the implementation of suspended reactive filters to support the phosphorus (P) removal efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs). The reactive material (RM) used in this study was autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). The laboratory experiment consists of four plastic boxes filled with the volume of 10 L of artificial P solution with three variants of RM mass to volume ...

Mar. 3, 2017

By IWA Publishing
River safe yield with the constraint of a contracted rectangular weir for surface water supply

Aydin et al. introduced the weir velocity concept in 2011 for discharge measurement in contracted rectangular sharp-crested weirs. Gharahjeh et al. further reinforced this formula in 2015 to allow discharge to be computed using only weir velocity and crest width. These newly introduced expressions are tested and demonstrated to determine surface water yield of Tapah River in ...

Jan. 1, 2016

By IWA Publishing
Spatial pattern analysis for water quality in free-surface constructed wetland

Free-surface constructed wetlands are known as a low-energy green technique to highly decrease a wide range of pollutants in wastewater and stormwater before discharge into natural water. In this study, two spatial analyses, principal factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HACA), were employed to interpret the effect of wetland on the water quality variables (WQVs) and to classify ...

Oct. 20, 2014

By IWA Publishing
Assessing protozoan risks for surface drinking water supplies in Nova Scotia, Canada

Protozoa, such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia, pose a human health risk when present in drinking water. To minimize health risks, the Nova Scotia Treatment Standards for surface water and groundwater under the direct influence of surface water require a 3-log reduction for Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts. This study ...

Jul. 7, 2015

By IWA Publishing
A grid-based integrated surface–groundwater model (GISMOD)

A distributed hydrological model, the Grid-based Integrated Surface-groundwater MODel (GISMOD), was developed to simulate hydrological processes by considering water interaction among different soil layers. The model integrates six modules. Basic information on catchment, such as the flow direction and the drainage network, can be obtained automatically from digital elevation model (DEM) data ...

Nov. 4, 2015

By IWA Publishing
Integrating quality and cost of surface raw water: Upper and Middle Vaal Water Management Areas South Africa

The user-pays principle encourages use of a water tariff structure that incorporates pollution and/or depletion of a water resource because that water represents a capital resource base. Development of a tool that models variability of surface raw water quality in order to predict cost of treatment thus makes economic sense. This paper forms the backbone for an on-going doctoral study in South ...

Apr. 1, 2010

By IWA Publishing
Optimization of photolysis of diclofenac using a response surface methodology

This study investigates the effects of environmental parameters such as UV intensity (X1, 2.1 ∼ 6.3 mW/cm2), Fe(III) (X2, 0 ∼ 0.94 mg/L), NO3− (X3, 0 ∼ 20 mg/L) and humic acid (X4, 0 ∼ 30 mg/L) on the removal efficiency of ...

Jan. 11, 2013

By IWA Publishing
Modification of jar testing protocol combined with mEnCo model predicted dose to predict dissolved organic matter removal for surface water

In recent climatic events in Australia, the need for frequent jar testing to determine optimum coagulant and flocculant aid doses became apparent in order to determine optimum treatment efficiencies. The generally applied jar test procedure can be time consuming and this prompted investigations for capacity to test waters more rapidly, for a range of treatment conditions and raw water qualities. ...

Jun. 12, 2014

By IWA Publishing
Automated techniques for real-time shipboard determination of dissolved trace metals in marine surface waters

This review compares methods that are currently employed for shipboard analysis of trace metals in seawater voltammetric, chemiluminescence and colorimetric methods. Instrumentation and methods are described for collecting surface seawater using pumping, with subsequent on-line analysis by stripping voltammetry. The review is illustrated with data for oceanic and coastal distributions of ...

Jan. 26, 2004

By Inderscience Publishers
Spatial distribution and sources of dissolved trace metals in surface water of the Wei River, China

For this study, 34 water samples were collected along the Wei River and its tributaries. Multivariate statistical analyses were employed to interpret the environmental data and to identify the natural and anthropogenic trace metal inputs to the surface waters of the river. Our results revealed that Zn, Se, B, Ba, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and V were all detected in the Wei River. Compared to drinking water ...

Jan. 11, 2013

By IWA Publishing
Numerical simulation of water free-surface flows through a front-tracking lattice Boltzmann approach

Three-dimensional (3D) hydraulic modelling of rapidly varying surface flows is a challenging task for practical engineering applications. One example is represented by the fast-moving fronts originating from dam breaches that proceed downstream through artificial channels. In this work, a fully 3D lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is tested. The numerical model is a front-tracking variant of the ...

Jan. 16, 2015

By IWA Publishing
Short-term microbial release during rain events from on-site sewers and cattle in a surface water source

The protection of drinking water from pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia requires an understanding of the short-term microbial release from faecal contamination sources in the catchment. Flow-weighted samples were collected during two rainfall events in a stream draining an area with on-site sewers and during two rainfall events in surface runoff from a bovine ...

Aug. 28, 2013

By IWA Publishing
Estimation of surface water quality in a Yazoo River tributary using the duration curve and recurrence interval approach

Pollution of surface water with harmful chemicals and eutrophication of rivers and lakes with excess nutrients are serious environmental concerns. This study estimated surface water quality in a stream within the Yazoo River Basin (YRB), Mississippi, USA, using the duration curve and recurrence interval analysis techniques. Data from the US Geological Survey (USGS) surface water monitoring ...

Apr. 3, 2013

By IWA Publishing
Electrocoagulation and nanofiltration integrated process application in purification of bilge water using response surface methodology

Marine pollution has been considered an increasing problem because of the increase in sea transportation day by day. Therefore, a large volume of bilge water which contains petroleum, oil and hydrocarbons in high concentrations is generated from all types of ships. In this study, treatment of bilge water by electrocoagulation/electroflotation and nanofiltration integrated process is ...

May 4, 2016

By IWA Publishing
Spatial and seasonal variation of organic pollutants in surface water using multivariate statistical techniques

In this study, analysis of variance (ANOVA), cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed in order to evaluate the concentration profile of organic contaminants found in three main river from central Transylvania, Romania. Samples were collected from nine sampling stations, in two different sampling campaigns (wet season and dry season). Water samples were ...

Jul. 26, 2016

By IWA Publishing
Calcium removal by softening of water affects biofilm formation on PVC, glass and membrane surfaces

Literature data on the effect of calcium on biofilm structures induced a preliminary study. The effect of calcium removal by water softening (<1.0 mg Ca2+.L−1) under real-world drinking water conditions on biofilm formation was studied in a pilot plant with reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and in a laboratory-scale biofilm production unit (BPU) with plasticized polyvinyl chloride ...

Feb. 22, 2016

By IWA Publishing

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