reduce nitrate Articles
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Preliminary studies on removal of nitrate and hardness from ground water using polystyrene beads
Ground water has emerged as the primary water deficiency reduction tool in most developing countries. Recently, the quality of ground water has deteriorated due to over-exploitation and contamination resulting from anthropogenic activities. A broad range of physical, inorganic and organic, bacteriological, and radioactive parameters are found in ground waters. The presence of nitrate and ...
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Distribution and characterisation of nitrogen-utilising bacteria in a eutrophic shallow lake in eastern China
To elucidate the roles of microorganisms in the nitrogen geo-chemical cycle, the distributions of nitrogen-utilising bacteria were studied in a small eutrophic lake. Ammonifiers, nitrogen fixers and nitrate reducers were more concentrated at the severely polluted Xili sub-area than at the Centre of Outer (CO), whereas the contrary was true for autolithotrophic nitrifiers. Molecular identification ...
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A novel control strategy for efficient biological phosphorus removal with carbon-limited wastewaters
This work shows the development and the in silico evaluation of a novel control strategy aiming at successful biological phosphorus removal in a wastewater treatment plant operating in an A2/O configuration with carbon-limited influent. The principle of this novel approach is that the phosphorus in the effluent can be controlled with the nitrate setpoint in the anoxic reactor as manipulated ...
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Biotransformation potential of phytosterols under anoxic and anaerobic conditions
The biotransformation potential of three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) under denitrifying, sulfate-reducing and fermentative/methanogenic conditions was assessed. Using a group contribution method, the standard Gibbs free energy of phytosterols was calculated and used to perform theoretical energetic calculations. The oxidation of phytosterols under aerobic, ...
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How does Tailwater`s system differ from woodchip bioreactors?
Woodchip bioreactors and the Tailwater Nitrate Removal System rely on bacteria to reduce nitrate (NO3) to nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide. Both systems use a support for the bacteria. The denitrifying bactera generate a biofilm that coats the supports and immobilizes the bacteria. As water passes by and around the supports, the nitrate molecule diffuses through the biofilm and enters into ...
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Isolation and characterization of alicycliphilus denitrificans strain bc, which grows on benzene with chlorate as the electron acceptor
A bacterium, strain BC, was isolated from a benzene-degrading chlorate-reducing enrichment culture. Strain BC degrades benzene in conjunction with chlorate reduction. Cells of strain BC are short rods that are 0.6 µm wide and 1 to 2 µm long, are motile, and stain gram negative. Strain BC grows on benzene and some other aromatic compounds with oxygen or in the absence of oxygen with ...
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The potential to improve water quality in the middle Rio Grande through effective wetland restoration
The Rio Grande, which forms the United States—Mexico border for much of its course, receives diverse pollutants from both urban and agricultural areas, most notably in the sister cities of El Paso (TX, USA)—Ciudad Juárez (CHI, Mexico). This study aimed to describe regional trends in water quality in waters near the El Paso–Ciudad Juárez metroplex and to examine the potential for water quality ...
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Stochastic hydro-economic model for groundwater quality management using Bayesian networks
A strong normative development in Europe, including the Nitrate Directive (1991) and the Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000), has been promulgated. The WFD states that all water bodies have to reach a good quantitative and chemical status by 2015. It is necessary to consider different objectives, often in conflict, for tackling a suitable assessment of the impacts generated by water policies ...
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Enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency and reducing nitrate liquor recirculation ratio by improving simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process
An integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process (G1) and an activated sludge anoxic–oxic process (G2) were operated at nitrate liquor recirculation ratio (R) of 100, 200 and 300% to investigate the feasibility of enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency (RTN) and reducing R by improving simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the IFAS process. The results showed that the ...
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Study the impact of land use and over pumping on nitrate concentration in groundwater by using modelling approach
Gaza Strip, a heavily populated area, is a narrow coastal strip on the Mediterranean Sea (360 km 2 ). Groundwater is the only source of drinking water for the majority of the population. However, many human activities greatly threaten the groundwater resources and nitrate was and still is a major groundwater pollutant. Khanyounis, one of the southern governorates of Gaza Strip, is suffering ...
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Isolation, identification, and algicidal activity of aerobic denitrifying bacterium R11 and its effect on Microcystis aeruginosa
Recently, algicidal bacteria have attracted attention as possible agents for the inhibition of algal water blooms. In this study, an aerobic denitrifying bacterium, R11, with high algicidal activity against the toxic Microcystis aeruginosa was isolated from lake sediments. Based on its physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence, it was identified as Raoultella, indicating that ...
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Effects of nitrite on phosphate uptake in anaerobic-oxic process
An anaerobic-oxic (A/O) biological phosphorus removal reactor was operated to study the effect of nitrite on phosphate uptake. The phosphorus uptake profile was determined under different operating conditions. The results indicated that in addition to oxygen and nitrate (DPBNa, nitrate denitrifying phosphorus removal), to some extent, nitrite could also serve as an electron acceptor to achieve ...
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How does our nitrate removal system differ from reverse osmosis (RO) systems?
Reverse osmosis (RO) systems are the workhorse of the drinking water purification market. They are extremely effective in separating water impurities above a certain size (molecules or particles slightly large than a water molecule are filtered or removed). So, does RO eliminate or reduce nitrate? The answer is no. Some RO membranes will remove the nitrate molecule from the incoming water and ...
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Rapid Field Test for Nitrate and Ammonia in Reclaimed Water
Untitled Document Estimating the concentrations of nitrate and ammonium ions in groundwater from reclaimed water is extremely important. These determinations are usually performed in laboratories using sophisticated equipment, and turn-around time can be from 2 hours to 3 days. Many times, results are needed at the site as quickly as possible. Alternatively, the rapid ...
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Remediation of nitrate-contaminated wastewater using denitrification biofilters with straws of ornamental flowers added as carbon source
Straws of four ornamental flowers (carnation, rose, lily, and violet) were added into denitrification biofilters using gravel as matrix through vertically installed perforated polyvinylchloride pipes to provide organic carbon for the treatment of nitrate-contaminated wastewater operating in batch mode. Removal efficiencies of nitrate and phosphate, as well as temporal variations of nitrogen ...
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Evaluation of nitrate and perchlorate reduction using sulfur-based autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrifying processes
The biological reduction of nitrate and perchlorate was comparatively evaluated in autotrophic and mixotrophic bioreactors using elemental sulfur and/or methanol as the energy source. The mixotrophic reactor was supplemented with methanol at CH3OH/NO3−-N ratio of 1 or 1.4. The mixotrophic reactor completely reduced perchlorate in the feed up to 1,000 μg l−1. The autotrophic reactor also ...
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Impact of nitrogen loading rates on nitrogen transformation for anaerobic effluent from latex processing industry
This study evaluated the influence of nitrogen loading rates on fate of nitrogen treating anaerobic effluent from latex processing industry using a novel acryl–fibre biomass carrier–bio–fringe (BF) in a swim–bed reactor. At NLR of 0.5 kg N/m³.day, 60% to 70% TKN was converted and the nitrogen ratio N–NO2 / (NO2 + NO3) reached 80% to 90%. At NLR of 1 kg N/m³.day, conversion efficiency of TKN ...
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A neural network approach for on-line fault detection of nitrogen sensors in alternated active sludge treatment plants
In this paper, an effective strategy for fault detection of nitrogen sensors in alternated active sludge treatment plants is proposed and tested on a simulated set-up. It is based on two predictive neural networks, which are trained using a historical set of data collected during fault-free operation of a wastewater treatment plant and their ability to predict reduced (ammonium) and oxidized ...
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2016 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award Winners Announced
On June 13, 2016, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced the winners of the 2016 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards (PGCCA). The PGCCA honors green chemistry technologies that solve climate and environmental problems through creating business opportunities. Jim Jones, Assistant Administrator for the Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP) stated, ...
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Bio-desulfurization and denitrification by anaerobic-anoxic process for the treatment of wastewater from flue gas washing
For amine-based carbon dioxide capture, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides were the main pollutants that had a negative effect on the regeneration of solvent. Before carbon dioxide capture, the sulfur oxides in flue gas should be removed by the method of calcium salt, and then washed by alkaline solution to eliminate the residual nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. The washing wastewater ...
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