risk assessment Articles
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Incorporating variability in point estimates in risk assessment: Bridging the gap between LC50 and population endpoints
Historically, point estimates such as the LC50 have been instrumental in assessing risks associated with toxicants to rare or economically important species. In recent years, growing awareness of the shortcomings of this approach has led to an increased focus on analyses using population endpoints. Risk assessment of pesticides, however, still relies heavily upon large amounts of LC50 data ...
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Risk assessment of large industrial complexes in Eastern Europe: a comparative prospective
This paper introduces the UN Inter-Agency programme on risk assessment and safety management for energy and other complex industrial systems. The international initiative includes compilation of methods and guidelines, development of models and computer codes to assist implementation of various tasks of risk assessment at the regional level, support for national case studies and training. Case ...
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Promoting effects on reproduction increase population vulnerability of Daphnia magna
Environmental risk assessment of chemicals is based on single species tests at the individual level with single compounds. However, the protection goal is the sustainability of a population, which faces several natural stressors and mixtures of chemicals in the environment. Therefore, experiments were undertaken to quantify the combined effects of chemicals with different modes of action on ...
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Risk uncertainty matters: an engineer's view
Risk assessment is a multi-disciplinary endeavour that synthesises scientific, social and economic factors and protects public health and natural resources. This paper assesses the literature and discerns the impact of risk uncertainty on human risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. This literature assessment is illustrative rather than comprehensive and regards risk assessment ...
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Mechanistic effect modeling for ecological risk assessment: Where to go from here?
Mechanistic effect models (MEMs) consider the mechanisms of how chemicals affect individuals and ecological systems such as populations and communities. There is an increasing awareness that MEMs have high potential to make risk assessment of chemicals more ecologically relevant than current standard practice. Here we discuss what kinds of MEMs are needed to improve scientific and regulatory ...
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Local primary school saves £1000s by upgrading rather than replacing glazing - case study
Location: Bolton Problem: Health and Safety Compliancy Product: ARC CL4 PSSR Local primary school saves £1000s by upgrading rather than replacing glazing to meet current H&S regulations Health and Safety Compliance - Glazing This school is a successful primary school located in Bolton, lancashire. The school places huge importance on providing a safe and secure environment for its ...
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U.S. EPA Releases Draft TSCA Chemical Risk Assessment
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) released its first draft risk assessments developed under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) “Work Plan Program” on January 4, 2013. The draft risk assessments cover particular uses of five chemicals found in household products. While the chemicals covered in these first draft assessments may or may not be of interest to ...
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Comparison of probabilistic approaches to estimate the initial bacterial levels as a start in exposure assessment: Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef as an example
The initial contamination of food products with pathogens is an important risk factor in microbial risk assessments. This factor contains variability and uncertainty that can be calculated from various available monitoring results. When performing dedicated quantitative risk assessments, different methods can be chosen to transform the data into probability distribution functions. This paper ...
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EFSA Begins Public Consultation on Draft Guidance on the Preparation and Presentation of an Application for Authorization of a Novel Food
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has begun a public consultation on its draft guidance on the preparation and presentation of an application for authorization of a novel food. As reported in our December 22, 2015, blog item, the European Commission (EC) promulgated a final novel foods regulation in December 2015. Under the regulation, food consisting of engineered nanomaterials should be ...
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Risk assessment of synthetic food colours: a case study in Hyderabad, India
The present study was an attempt to assess the risk of selected population to synthetic food colours. Children had high intakes of coloured solid (2?465 g day−1) and liquid foods (25?840 ml day−1). The study showed the predominant consumption of two colours such as tartrazine and sunset yellow mainly from sweetmeats, beverages and fast foods while colours like carmoisine, ponceau 4R and ...
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Design and analysis of field studies with bees: A critical review of the draft EFSA guidance
The specific protection goal, primary assessment endpoints, acceptable effect thresholds and experimental design proposed in the EFSA update of the bee guidance document are subjected to critical review. It is concluded that the negligible effect criteria were established without sufficient regulatory definition and without convincing scientific argumentation. For the assessment endpoints, ...
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Recent developments in risk acceptability for technical facilities
Recent developments in risk acceptance for technical facilities exposed to man-made and natural hazards are reviewed and discussed. Present value lifetime utilities involving the utility from consumption, discounting and survival probabilities by predictive cohort life tables are derived. Suitable parameters for the utility function are based on the so-called work-leisure optimisation principle. ...
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Using toxicokinetic‐toxicodynamic modelling as an acute risk assessment refinement approach in vertebrates ecological risk assessment
Recent guidance identified toxicokinetic‐toxicodynamic (TK‐TD) modelling as a relevant approach for risk assessment refinement. Yet, its added‐value compared to other refinement options is not detailed, and how to conduct the modelling appropriately is not explained. This case‐study addresses these issues through two examples of individual level risk assessment for two hypothetical plant ...
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Risk assessment of land-use suitability and application to Tangshan City
Risk assessment for suitability is one of the main problems in city landuse planning for disaster prevention. Decision-making strategy using GIS-based Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) method is discussed through analysing OWA evaluation procedure. Data of geological disaster in Tangshan City are used to calculate the distances from dangerous areas or safety area to yield evaluation criteria for ...
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Stepwise information‐filtering Tool (SIFT): A method for using risk assessment metadata in a nontraditional way
Tools exist to evaluate large ecotoxicity databases for risk assessment purposes, but are less useful for alternative analytical purposes. This study 1) developed the Strategic Information‐Filtering Tool (SIFT), a stepwise method to select relevant, reliable data from a large ecotoxicity database; 2) demonstrated utility in a case study of chronic toxicity data for statistical endpoint ...
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Failure risk assessment in water network in terms of planning renewals – a case study of the exemplary water supply system
In the paper the issue of failure risk assessment in water supply system (WSS) was presented. Problems of water supply network failure constitute a crucial issue in waterworks practice. The results of the analysis were obtained on the basis of real data from water network operation. Attention has been paid to the problem of risk assessment in the context of risk acceptance criteria. An ...
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Multi-attribute aspects for risk assessment of natural hazards
This paper reviews the process of risk-based decision making and creates a new multi-attribute framework for risk analysis of natural hazards. This is based on perceived risks, which are the domain of the social sciences, and mathematical risks, the work of technical sciences. Considering both engineering risk and society's perceived risk has lead to the development of a graphical tool which ...
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Recovery based on plot experiments is a poor predictor of landscape‐level population impacts of agricultural pesticides
Current EU regulatory risk assessment allows application of pesticides provided that recovery of non‐target arthropods in‐crop occurs within a year. Despite long‐established theory of source sink dynamics, risk assessment ignores depletion of surrounding populations and typical field trials are restricted to plot‐scale experiments. Here, we use agent‐based modelling of 2 contrasting ...
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Water safety plans at EPAL's water supply system-tool to prioritize investments and mitigation actions
In 2007, EPAL – Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A. – started to implement a water safety plan (WSP) in its water supply system, from source to tap, following the international methodologies regarding risk management of water quality. Since the implementation of its first version of the WSP, EPAL has been working on the optimization of its methodology regarding identification and ...
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What is a Flood Risk Assessment?
Flood Risk Assessments (FRA) are becoming a very important part of the planning permission process. It interlocks with other areas of the planning process, and could cause weeks or months of delays if not done from the beginning. But what is a Flood Risk Assessment? A Flood Risk Assessment is a series of tests that are carried out to assess the level of flood risk of a given location. The ...
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