river model Articles
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On the effect of scaling conceptual model complexity on stochastic response for water quality modeling
This paper extends previous work comparing the response of water quality models under uncertainty. A new model, the River Water Quality Model no. 1 (RWQM1), is compared to the previous work of two commonly used water quality models. Additionally, the effect of conceptual model scaling within a single modelling framework, as allowed by RWQM1, is explored under uncertainty. Model predictions are ...
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Longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients in braided rivers
The dispersion characteristics of braided rivers are presently unclear. The comprehensive flow structure in a physical braided river model was measured and was used to estimate its dispersion coefficient tensor. The largest values of the longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients occurred in the separation zone in two anabranches. The separation zone disappeared in a small diversion ...
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A river system modelling platform for Murray-Darling Basin, Australia
Global climate change and local development make water supply one of the most vulnerable sectors in Australia. The Australian government has therefore commissioned a series of projects to evaluate water availability and the sustainable use of water resources in Australia. This paper discusses a river system modelling platform that has been used in some of these nationally significant projects. ...
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Four free surface algorithms for the 3D Navier–Stokes equations
Four algorithms are described for computing a steady free water surface with the solution of the three-dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes equations. The numerical methods are used in hydraulic engineering cases, typically spillways and river modelling. The algorithms were tested against a laboratory experiment of a v-shaped broad-crested weir. The complex geometry of the weir introduced ...
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Land use patterns and organic pollution in the rivers
The riverine system is an important resource of water supply to the communities but rivers are being contaminated due to organic pollutants, which is a serious problem. Organic contamination has been discussed with regard to the different rivers of the world. Various organic pollutants, detected in water and the sediment of the rivers, have been reported. The effects of different land use ...
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Green–blue water in the city: quantification of impact of source control versus end-of-pipe solutions on sewer and river floods
Urbanization and climate change trends put strong pressures on urban water systems. Temporal variations in rainfall, runoff and water availability increase, and need to be compensated for by innovative adaptation strategies. One of these is stormwater retention and infiltration in open and/or green spaces in the city (blue–green water integration). This study evaluated the efficiency of ...
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Impact of urban WWTP and CSO fluxes on river peak flow extremes under current and future climate conditions
The impact of urban water fluxes on the river system outflow of the Grote Nete catchment (Belgium) was studied. First the impact of the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) and the Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) outflows on the river system for the current climatic conditions was determined by simulating the urban fluxes as point sources in a detailed, hydrodynamic river model. Comparison was made ...
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Comparison of autoregressive moving average and state space methods for monthly time series modelling of Labrador and South-East Quebec river flows
Time series data such as monthly stream flows can be modelled using time series methods and then used to simulate or forecast flows for short term planning. Two methods of time series modelling were reviewed and compared: the well-known auto regressive moving average (ARMA) method and the state-space time-series (SSTS) method. ARMA has been used in hydrology to model and simulate flows with ...
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Inverse calculation of biochemical oxygen demand models based on time domain for the tidal Foshan River
To simulate the variation of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the tidal Foshan River, inverse calculations based on time domain are applied to the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (E(x)) and BOD decay rate (K(x)) in the BOD model for the tidal Foshan River. The derivatives of the inverse calculation have been respectively established on the basis of different flow directions in the tidal ...
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Simulation and forecasting of downstream flow top width in a river reach using upstream flows
In the present study, a modified Muskingum model incorporating flow and flow top width variables for a river reach and a system of reaches has been developed. The model assumes power form relationship between water discharge and flow top width at a section. The model is used to simulate and forecast flow top width on the basis of upstream flow(s) in Barak basin in India. Flow top width ...
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Using radar altimetry to update a large-scale hydrological model of the Brahmaputra river basin
Measurements of river and lake water levels from space-borne radar altimeters (past missions include ERS, Envisat, Jason, Topex) are useful for calibration and validation of large-scale hydrological models in poorly gauged river basins. Altimetry data availability over the downstream reaches of the Brahmaputra is excellent (17 high-quality virtual stations from ERS-2, 6 from Topex and 10 from ...
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Comparison between capabilities of HEC–RAS and MIKE11 hydraulic models in river flood risk modelling (a case study of Sungai Kayu Ara River basin, Malaysia)
River flood risk map prediction is a combination of hydrological modelling, hydraulic modelling, river flood visualisation and river flood risk mapping. Two hydraulic models were applied in this research regarding their capabilities in river flood risk studies. These are MIKE11 developed by Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) and HEC–RAS4.0 by US Army Corps of Engineers. These two hydraulic models ...
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The use of plastic media in a movable bed model to study sedimentary processes in rivers
The use of plastic media was evaluated for modelling sedimentary processes in rivers using a movable bed model (MBM). From gradations within the range of 0.17–2 mm, the size of the thermoset plastic media was colour coded in order to better visualise complex flow processes. Equations developed by Engelund–Hansen and Schoklitsch were used to predict sediment transport and establish the type of bed ...
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Applying Monte Carlo and classification tree sensitivity analysis to the Zayandehrood River
Water quality modeling is an important issue for both engineers and scientists. The QUAL2K model is a simulation tool that has been used widely for this purpose. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is a major step in water quality modeling. This article reports application of Monte Carlo analysis and classification tree sensitivity analysis in the modeling of the Zayandehrood River. First the ...
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Flood characterisation of the Haor region of Bangladesh using flood index
The paper presents the flood characterisation of the Haor region in the north-east of Bangladesh. The region consists of a system of Haors, each of which is a saucer-shaped depression and interconnected by a river system. A portion of the Haor area, known as the deeply flooded area, consisting of about 15 Haors, was chosen as the study area. A 1D2D model, with one-dimensional model for the ...
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Modelling of point and diffuse pollution: application of the Moneris model in the Ipojuca river basin, Pernambuco State, Brazil
Emissions of pollutants and nutrients are causing several problems in aquatic ecosystems, and in general an excess of nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, is responsible for the eutrophication process in water bodies. In most developed countries, more attention is given to diffuse pollution because problems with point pollution have already been solved. In many non-developed ...
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Neural network river forecasting with multi-objective fully informed particle swarm optimization
In this work, we suggest that the poorer results obtained with particle swarm optimization (PSO) in some previous studies should be attributed to the cross-validation scheme commonly employed to improve generalization of PSO-trained neural network river forecasting (NNRF) models. Cross-validation entails splitting the training dataset into two, and accepting particle position updates only if ...
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A river stage correction approach using Fourier series
One-dimensional hydrodynamic models based on the Saint-Venant equations (the SVN model) are used widely for river stage prediction. Errors that originate from simplifying assumptions, improper specification of initial and boundary conditions, uncertainty in parameters, channel geometry, observed data, and solution methods produce the inconsistencies between actual flow and that represented by ...
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Modelling present and future Po river interactions with alluvial aquifers (Low Po River Plain, Italy)
A modelling study on a multi-layered confined/unconfined alluvial aquifer system was performed to quantify surface water/groundwater interactions. The calibrated groundwater flow model was used to forecast climate change impacts by implementing the results of a downscaled A1B model ensemble for the Po river valley. The modelled area is located in the north-western portion of the Ferrara ...
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An adaptive predictive approach for river level forecasting
Efficient flood management requires accurate real-time forecasts to allow early warnings, real-time control of hydraulics structures, or other actions. Commercially available computing tools typically use hydraulic models derived from the numerical approximation of Saint-Venant equations. These tools need powerful computers, accurate knowledge of the riverbed topography, and skilled operators ...
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