river watershed Articles
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Sustainable waters and a new grammar of earthly compassion: an impressionistic report on The Columbia River Watershed: realities and possibilities
Since the publication of Lynn White's seminal article in 1967, the Christian religious tradition in the West has been labelled strongly anthropocentric in relation to the world of nature. The recent dissemination of the Catholic bishop's reflection on the Columbia River watershed in preparation for a pastoral letter can be read as an official response to this genre of criticism. By adopting a ...
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Temporal variations of streamflow in a mid-latitude Eurasian steppe watershed in the past half century
Previous studies either did not identify abrupt change or identified such change but did not exclude it from the detection of trend in streamflow. As a result, an overall downward trend might be erroneously detected as an upward trend because of abrupt increase, while an overall upward trend could be faked as a downward trend due to abrupt decrease. The objectives of this study were to: (1) ...
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Impacts of climate change on headstream runoff in the Tarim River Basin
The impacts of climate change on annual runoff were analyzed using hydrologic and meteorological data collected by 8 meteorological stations and 15 hydrological stations in the headstream of the Tarim River Watershed from 1957 to 2005. The long-term trend of climate change and hydrological variations were determined by parametric and non-parametric tests. The results show that the increasing ...
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Application of the SWAT model to the Xiangjiang river watershed in subtropical central China
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied to simulate the water balance in the Xiangjiang river watershed for current and planning scenarios of land uses. The model was first calibrated for the period from 1998 to 2002 and then validated for the period from 2003 to 2007 using the observed stream flow data from four monitoring gages within the watershed. The determination ...
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Temporal variations of runoff in a rapidly urbanizing semi-arid Chinese watershed
Rapid urbanization on streamflows may directly affect or be restricted by the sustainability of local water resources. This is particularly true for arid/semiarid areas such as the Wulanmulun River watershed in the rapidly-developing Ordos region of north central China. From 1997 to 2012, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the region increased fifty-fold, while the urban area grew by a ...
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Preliminary identification of watershed management strategies for the Houjing river in Taiwan
The Houjing River watershed is one of the three major river watersheds in the Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Based on the recent water quality analysis, the Houjing River is heavily polluted. Both point and non-point source (NPS) pollutants are the major causes of the poor water quality in the Houjing River. Investigation results demonstrate that the main point pollution sources included municipal, ...
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An evaluation framework for identifying the optimal raingauge network based on spatiotemporal variation in quantitative precipitation estimation
This study proposes an evaluation framework to identify the optimal raingauge network in a watershed using grid-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) with high spatial and temporal resolution. The proposed evaluation framework is based on comparison of the spatial and temporal variation in rainfall characteristics (i.e. rainfall depth and storm pattern) from the gauged data ...
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Modeling probabilistic lag time equation in a watershed based on uncertainties in rainfall, hydraulic and geographical factors
This study proposes a framework for developing a probabilistic lag time (PLT) equation by taking into account uncertainty factors, including the rainfall factor (i.e., the maximum rainfall intensity), the hydraulic factor (i.e., the roughness coefficient in the river), and the geometrical factors (the catchment area, the length, and the basin slope). The proposed PLT equation is established ...
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The detection of
Yersinia enterocolitica in surface water by quantitative PCR amplification of theail andyadA genesYersinia enterocolitica has been detected in surface water, and drinking untreated water is a risk factor for infection. PCR-based methods have been used to detect Y. enterocolitica in various sample types, but quantitative studies have not been conducted in water. In this study, quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods targeting the Yersinia virulence genes ail and yadA were used to survey the ...
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Variability of
E. coli density and sources in an urban watershedThe objective of this study was to characterize the variability of Escherichia coli density and sources in an urban watershed, particularly to focus on the influences of weather and land use. E. coli as a microbial indicator was measured at fourteen sites in four wet weather events and four dry weather conditions in the upper Blackstone River watershed. The sources of E. coli were identified by ...
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Application of spatial Markov chains to the analysis of the temporal–spatial evolution of soil erosion
Soil and water conservation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China is important, and soil erosion is a significant issue. In the present study, spatial Markov chains were applied to explore the impacts of the regional context on soil erosion in the Xiangxi River watershed, and Thematic Mapper remote sensing data from 1999 and 2007 were employed. The results indicated that the observed ...
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Hydropolitical Self-Organization theory; system dynamics to analyse hydropolitics of Helmand transboundary river
The paper is based on the hydropolitical driver concept and analyses non-technological drivers responsible for the depletion of water resources determining the hydropolitical situation over time. To tackle the complexity stemming from the heterogeneity of drivers, the paper adopts both theoretical hydropolitics (hydropolitical driver concept) and system dynamics (SD) (causal loop diagrams ...
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Neural network river forecasting with multi-objective fully informed particle swarm optimization
In this work, we suggest that the poorer results obtained with particle swarm optimization (PSO) in some previous studies should be attributed to the cross-validation scheme commonly employed to improve generalization of PSO-trained neural network river forecasting (NNRF) models. Cross-validation entails splitting the training dataset into two, and accepting particle position updates only if ...
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Estimation of concentration ratio of indicator to pathogen-related gene in environmental water based on left-censored data
A stochastic model for estimating the ratio between a fecal indicator and a pathogen based on left-censored data, which includes a substantially high number of non-detects, was constructed. River water samples were taken for 16 months at six points in a river watershed, and conventional fecal indicators (total coliforms and general Escherichia coli), genetic markers (Bacteroides spp.), and ...
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Assessment of heavy metal and PAH exposure in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in the Reedy River watershed, South Carolina, USA: A multi‐season assessment of metallothionein and bile fluorescence
Biomarkers can be used as tools to help determine ecological exposure in watershed assessments. In the present study, metallothionein and fixed wavelength bile fluorescence for two‐, four‐, and five‐ring hydrocarbons were used as biomarkers of exposure in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in the Reedy River watershed located in South Carolina, USA. Fish were sampled from three ...
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NMR Geophysical tools provide critical data for aquifer recharge studies in the Cosumnes River Basin - Case Study
Motivation The Cosumnes River watershed system in Central California is an extremely valuable resource, supplying water for agriculture and domestic needs and provides critical habitat for natural resources. It is one of the few remaining dam-free rivers in the region with a natural salmon run and supports some of the most productive agricultural areas of California. The subbasin has been ...
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In situ snow water equivalent observations in the US ArcticThis paper summarizes 12 years of snow water equivalent (SWE) observations collected in the data-sparse region of Arctic Alaska, United States. The in situ observations are distributed across a 200 × 300 km domain that includes the Kuparuk River watershed from the Brooks Range to the Beaufort Sea coast. Data collection methods and analyses were classified to distinguish between snow ...
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Use of Fecal Steroids To Infer the Sources of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in the Lower Santa Ana River Watershed, California: Sewage Is Unlikely a Significant Source
The Santa Ana River (SAR), CA and adjacent wetlands have been identified as potential sources of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) to the surf zone at Huntington Beach, CA. A suite of fecal steroids, including coprostanol (COP), epicoprostanol (eCOP), cholesterol (CHOE), cholestanol (CHOA), R cholestanone (aONE), â-cholestanone (bONE), â-sitosterol (bSIT), stigmasterol (STIG), ...
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Impacts of land use and land cover changes on evapotranspiration and runoff at Shalamulun River watershed, China
The study assesses the effect of land use and land cover changes (LUCC) on evapotranspiration and runoff in the Shalamulun River watershed of 2,453 km2 located in Inner Mongolia Autonomic Region of China. First, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images from 1987, 2001 and 2007 are used to quantify LUCC in the watershed. A knowledge-based decision tree (K-DT) ...
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Project - Humber River Watershed Management Plan
Client: Toronto and Region Conservation Authority Don Ford, P.Geo. Manager, Hydrogeology, 5 Shoreham Drive, Downsview, ON M3N1S4 Tel:416-661-6600×5369 dford@trca.on.ca Key Personnel: Dirk Kassenaar and E.J. Wexler Working for the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA), Earthfx provided key surface water and groundwater analysis components of the Humber River Watershed Plan. The ...
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