runoff characterization Articles

Uncertainty analysis and prediction of river runoff with multi-time scales

Increasing water-issues demand that water resources managers know and predict the uncertain characteristics of river runoff well. In this paper, the fluctuating periods and local features of runoff with multi-time scales are analyzed by the empirical mode decomposition method. With the set pair analysis method, the uncertainty properties of runoff series with different multi-time scales are ...

Nov. 28, 2016

By IWA Publishing
Characterization of road runoff with regard to seasonal variations, particle size distribution and the correlation of fine particles and pollutants

Urban runoff is known to transport a significant pollutant load consisting of e.g. heavy metals, salts and hydrocarbons. Interactions between solid and dissolved compounds, proper understanding of particle size distribution, dissolved pollutant fractions and seasonal variations is crucial for the selection and development of appropriate road runoff treatment devices. Road runoff at an ...

Dec. 27, 2016

By IWA Publishing
Environmental characterization of surface runoff from three highway sites in Southern Ontario, Canada: 2. Toxicology

Highway runoff is a significant source of contaminants entering many freshwater systems. A battery of bioassays was used to assess the degree of runoff toxicity. The toxicity results are described in the spatial and temporal context and are linked to the runoff chemistry. Runoff samples from three sites, representing different classes of highways (high, intermediate and low traffic intensity), ...

May 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing
Summertime runoff variations and their connections with Asian summer monsoons in the Yangtze River basin

Research on the summertime runoff variations and their connections with Asian summer monsoons can give insights for explanation of the hydrological processes and climate change in the Yangtze River basin. Currently, regional studies are focused on the relationships between Asian summer monsoons and meteorological elements. However, research on the runoff variations and their connections to ...

Oct. 30, 2017

By IWA Publishing
A simplified approach for the design of infiltration trenches

The use of infiltration trenches has proven to be useful to reduce runoff in urban surfaces. The design of these structures is based on the continuity equation taking into account inflow, outflow and detention water volumes. Basic procedures evaluate entering flow rates and relative volumes directly as a function of rain event characteristics, without taking into account rain-runoff processes ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing
Discussion about initial runoff and volume capture ratio of annual rainfall

In recent years, runoff pollution from urban areas has become a major concern all over the world. But there exists a worldwide confusion about how much stormwater should be captured for the purpose of runoff pollution control. Furthermore, the construction cost and pollution control efficiency are closely linked with the size of stormwater facilities, which is then related to the first flush ...

Jun. 21, 2016

By IWA Publishing
Environmental characterization of surface runoff from three highway sites in Southern Ontario, Canada: 1. Chemistry

Highway runoff is a significant source of contaminants entering many freshwater systems. To provide information on effects of highway runoff on aquatic biota, runoff samples were collected from three sites representing different classes of highways with low, intermediate and high traffic intensities. Samples were analysed for chloride, trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). ...

May 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing
Improving capability of conceptual modeling of watershed rainfall–runoff using hybrid wavelet-extreme learning machine approach

Rainfall–runoff process identification, due to uncertainties and complexities, requires advanced modeling strategies. For this end, this study presented different strategies to explore spatio-temporal variation of rainfall–runoff process for the Ajichay watershed located in northwest Iran. Extreme learning machine (ELM) was used to predict the runoff in conceptual models. First, a ...

Nov. 2, 2017

By IWA Publishing
The inter-tidal zone is the pathway of input of enterococci to a subtropical recreational marine beach

Efforts were made to evaluate the source of enterococci levels at a recreational beach. Four monitoring efforts were implemented which included tidal studies, hourly sampling, runoff sampling, and spatially intensive sediment sampling. Spatially intensive sediment sampling indicated that enterococci concentrations consistently decreased away from the inter-tidal zone, both seaward and landward. ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing
Analysis of interactive effects of DEM resolution and basin subdivision level on runoff simulation in Kaidu River Basin, China

Uncertainties in spatial data associated with basin topography, drainage networks, and land cover characteristics may affect the performance of runoff simulation. Such uncertainties are mainly derived from selection of digital elevation model (DEM) resolution and basin subdivision level. This study focuses on assessing the effects of DEM resolution and basin subdivision level on runoff ...

Aug. 8, 2016

By IWA Publishing
A tiered watershed PCB runoff loading approach for unmonitored tributaries in a TMDL process

Runoff volume from unmonitored tributaries is estimated using three methods for the initial stage of the Delaware Estuary TMDL for Polychlorinated Biphenyls. The first is a simplified rainfall-runoff depth estimate determined from a modified rational formula approach. The second method uses runoff volumes from USGS streamflow gages in watersheds characteristic of the physiographic provinces and ...

Oct. 13, 2007

By Water Environment Federation (WEF)
Characterisation of Urban Runoff Pollution in Paris

Abstract:Runoff was collected from 4 roofs, 3 courtyards and 6 streets on an experimental catchment in central Paris, and analysed for SS, VSS, COD, BODS, hydrocarbons, heavy metals both as regards dissolved and particles fractions. Whereas street runoff showed important SS, COD and hydrocarbon loads, roof runoff was noticeable for its high concentration of heavy metals... ...

Mar. 2, 1999

By IWA Publishing
Characterization and first flush analysis in road and roof runoff in Shenyang, China

As urbanization increases, urban runoff is an increasingly important component of total urban non-point source pollution. In this study, the properties of urban runoff were examined in Shenyang, in northeastern China. Runoff samples from a tiled roof, a concrete roof and a main road were analyzed for key pollutants (total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ...

Aug. 7, 2014

By IWA Publishing
Comparison of the treatment performance of hybrid constructed wetlands treating stormwater runoff

This study was conducted to compare the treatment performance of two hybrid constructed wetlands (CWs) in treating stormwater runoff. The hybrid CWs were composed of a combination of free water surface (FWS) and horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs. Based on the results, strong correlation exists between potential runoff impacts and stormwater characteristics; however, the low correlations ...

Aug. 26, 2015

By IWA Publishing
Characterising urban zinc generation to identify surface pollutant hotspots in a low intensity rainfall climate

Characterising stormwater runoff quality provides useful insights into the dynamics of pollutant generation and wash off rates. These can be used to prioritise stormwater management strategies. This study examined the effects of a low intensity rainfall climate on zinc contributions from different impermeable urban surface types. First flush (FF) and steady state samples were collected from ...

May 29, 2017

By IWA Publishing
Assessment of the feasibility of floodwater utilization in North-East China

In order to alleviate the water supply–demand problem, a flood resource utilization strategy is proposed, called ‘Flood Utilization’. The strategy focuses on building large-scale water conservancy facilities and improving management measures. This paper presents the probability analysis of floodwater utilization in a confluence area, where a tributary joins a main river. Baicheng is used as ...

Jan. 28, 2016

By IWA Publishing
Geomorphology-based genetic programming approach for rainfall–runoff modeling

Nowadays, artificial intelligence approaches such as artificial neural network (ANN) as a self-learn non-linear simulator and genetic programming (GP) as a tool for function approximations are widely used for rainfall–runoff modeling. Both approaches are usually created based on temporal characteristics of the process. Hence, the motivation to present a comprehensive model which also ...

Apr. 9, 2013

By IWA Publishing
Assessment of GeoEye-1 stereo-pair-generated DEM in flood mapping of an ungauged basin

A very high resolution (VHR) digital elevation model (DEM) is produced from a GeoEye-1 0.5-m-resolution satellite stereo pair and is used for floodplain management and mapping applications such as watershed delineation and river cross-section extraction. For this purpose, a 2 m × 2 m resolution terrain surface is produced from the stereo pair by using the Leica Photogrammetry Suite (LPS) ...

Jan. 21, 2014

By IWA Publishing
Research on the characteristics of the water quality of rainwater runoff from green roofs

This paper investigates the water quality characteristics of rainwater runoff from dual-substrate-layer green roofs in Tianjin, China. The data were collected from four different assemblies and three types of simulated rains. The storm-water runoff quality was monitored from early June through late October 2012 and from July through late November 2013. The results revealed that the runoff water ...

Oct. 20, 2014

By IWA Publishing
Hydrological and environmental assessment of urban growth in a sub-tropical town in India

Roorkee, a sub-tropical urban town in India, has shown a rapid unplanned growth in the past. This paper presents the findings of a study of characteristics of urban soil, rainwater, and runoff emanating from different sources areas and the stormwater flows in the drains. Urban soil showed significant increase in the concentration of all constituents in comparison to the nearby rural soil. Soil ...

Dec. 15, 2014

By IWA Publishing

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