sample gas Articles
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Sampling compressed gas with the Lasair III particle counter
Abstract This document provides technical information and recommended methods for sampling compressed gas using the Lasair® III Particle Counter in combination with the High Pressure Diffuser III (HPD ...
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Overcoming Natural Gas Sampling Challenges in Oil & Gas Applications
It is a fact that in order to comply with various government rules and regulations, oil and gas companies have to continually take natural gas samples to prove the gas composition and amount of gas flowing in their oil fields. The challenge comes in trying to actually take an adequate gas sample representative of the gas flow. First, engineers must carefully consider where the ...
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Perma Pure Purge Gas Configurations
The MD and PD series have a special tube and shell design developed to be used with a dry purge gas, providing a controlled environment for the moisture transfer to occur. With these products, the end performance is controllable and dependent on the purge gas set up used. In order to get Perma Pure dryers to remove moisture from your gas stream, a gas with lower moisture content than your sample ...
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The Effects of Humidity During Gas Detection
Effects of humidity The presence of humidity in the sample gas can unfortunately disrupt the measurement leading to inaccurate results. Heated inlets to achieve a stable temperature (typically 50oC) are power hungry and a challenge to achieve in, say a refinery, where stringent intrinsic safety (IS) requirements have to be met. However, looking at Figure 1, the presence of an additional ...
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Purge gas configurations
Setting up a purge gas source for Perma Pure gas sample dryers. What is a purge gas? A purge gas is a dry, clean gas that is directed through the purge gas pathway of Perma Pure dryers, countercurrent to the flow of the sample gas through the Nafion tubing. It is important that the purge gas is drier than the sample gas: when the partial pressure of water vapor in the purge gas is less than the ...
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Determination of sulphur dioxide by pulsed UV-fluorescence
Abstract We have investigated the cross-sensitivity of a commercially available SO2 monitor (TEI 43C-FG) with respect to the fluorescence of NO, CO and CO2. Quenching of the NO and the SO2 fluorescence by O2 and CO2 was also determined. The results were implemented in a set of equations and subsequently used to correct the monitor’s output for possible interferences. For highly variable O2 ...
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Factors contributing to fatalities in General Aviation accidents
According to National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), General Aviation (GA) is accountable for 82% of total air transport related accidents and incidents and for 83% of all air transport related fatalities. By applying logistic regression on a large sample of GA accidents from 1983 to 2002 we identify factors that increase the chance of a fatal GA accident. In this study a wide range of ...
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Sampling compressed gas with the Lasair III particle counter
Abstract Cleanroom garments and wipes are reused by laundering and repacking them multiple times. These items are cleaned to different levels for different cleanroom applications. To certify this level of cleaning, particle count measurements are taken when the garments are tumbled in a Helmke drum. Industry standards can be checked with a simple measurement. In addition particle data from the ...
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Application of the Steam Jet Aerosol Collector (SJAC) for differential measurements of organic compounds in the gas vs. particle phase
A modified Steam Jet Aerosol Collector (SJAC) for semivolatile organic compounds has been investigated. Gas phase and particle phase were investigated separately. The SJAC is based on a water condensational growth sampling system. For determination of gaseous compounds an XAD adsorbent cartridge was applied after particle collection. Collection particle efficiency was examined using hydrophobic ...
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On-line measurements of flue gas concentrations of cadmium and lead in a co-combustion in a fluidized bed boiler
ABSTRACT The operation of a new on-line toxic metal analyser was demonstrated in connection to a pilot-scale bubbling fluidised bed boiler during co-combustion tests of biomass and waste fuels. The analyser comprises a novel continuous sampling device combined with DC-plasma excited atomic absorption spectroscopy and Zeeman background correction. A continuous sample gas flow is extracted from a ...
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Quantitative leak testing for soil gas wells using a commercially available helium tracer shroud
In this paper we present design considerations, use, procedures and validation data for a commercially available Helium tracer soil gas sampling shroud that can be rented from an internationally accredited environmental testing laboratory with soil gas measurement capabilities. Soil Gas Sampling using the Helium shroud technique described in Appendix C, page 57, CA DTSC Soil Gas Advisory Document ...
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Continuous measurement of mercury emissions in combustion plants (Overview and new measuring method)
Introduction Continuous measuring devices have been used for continuous recording of Hg emissions in waste incineration plants since the early Nineties. Operators of combustion plants must maintain a 24-hour measured value of 30 μg/m³ mercury and a half-hourly average value of 50 μg/m³ in accordance with the 13th and 17th BImschV. In order to meet these requirements, measuring ...
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Sampling VOCs with Supel™-Inert Film Gas Sampling Bags
Sampling VOCs with Supel™-Inert Film Gas Sampling Bags with Thermogreen™ LB-2 Septa as an Alternative to Tedlar® For 10 years, Supelco has provided our customers with high quality Tedlar gas sampling bags. Recently, we expanded our gas sampling bag line to include an alternative to Tedlar for sampling VOCs that incorporates our low-bleed Thermogreen™ LB-2 septa in the valve ...
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Accuracy In Adversity
It is a fact of the industry that oil and gas companies are required, by various rules and regulations, to routinely perform gas sampling to establish gas composition, flow rates and gas properties. In order to comply with regulations, gas sampling tools must achieve high accuracy at low flows with varying gas compositions, temperatures and pressures. For many technologies, these requirements can ...
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Sampling errors in the study of acid gases and anion species in atmospheric aerosols
Atmospheric acid aerosols were sampled by two annular denuder systems (ADS) and a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) at a traffic site in central Taiwan. Theoretical analysis showed that the relative artifact for HNO3 gas sampling was about 0.53 when the initial HNO3 concentration was under 0.2 µg/m³ and should be considered carefully. The concentrations of gaseous acid at the traffic ...
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FTIR Gas Analysis
FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed) spectroscopy is the most popular analytical technology for applications requiring continuous measurement of multiple parameters simultaneously. Typically, FTIR analyzers are employed for process control and emissions monitoring. However, due to the robustness and flexibility of this technique, it can also be applied in a wide variety of different applications. ...
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Continuous Mercury Monitoring Requires Reliable and High-Quality Systems with High Top-tier Sensitivity
In this blog post, we answer the most frequently asked questions about our fully optimized solutions for continuous monitoring of mercury emissions, CMM and CMM AutoQAL, our new continuous mercury monitoring system that has an EN 15267 certified, integrated and automatic QAL3 Validation Tool. 1. What is the detection limit of the CMM AutoQAL & CMM? Taking the dilution ratio into account, ...
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Argon and Nitrogen in Glove Boxes and Blanketed Chambers case study
Application Moisture is measured in argon or nitrogen when it is used as a blanketing gas in glove boxes and other blanketed applications. Problem The presence of moisture in the blanket gas for a glove box causes serious contamination problems especially when welding or conducting moisture-sensitive chemical reactions. Moisture causes product contamination, unwanted side reactions, and ...
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CFD modelling of sampling locations for early detection of spontaneous combustion in long–wall gob areas
In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling was conducted to optimise gas sampling locations for the early detection of spontaneous heating in longwall gob areas. Initial simulations were carried out to predict carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations at various regulators in the gob using a bleeder ventilation system. Measured CO concentration values at these regulators were then used ...
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Heat treatment of steels and other metals case study
Application Moisture is measured in the blanketing gases that are used in the treatment of steel. Problem Inert blanketing gases are required during the heat treatment of steels to prevent oxidation of the metal product. At heat-treating temperatures, moisture and oxygen will readily react with the metal to form an undesirable metal-oxide coating on the steel. The blanketing gas purges the oven ...
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