sludge analysis Articles
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Cellular biopolymers and molecular structure of a secondary pulp and paper mill sludge verified by spectroscopy and chemical extraction techniques
For proper treatment, recycling, or disposal of the pulp and paper mill secondary sludge qualitative and quantitative determination of its characteristics are necessary. Chemical extraction, quantitative characterization, and spectroscopic experiments have been performed to determine the molecular composition and chemical functionality of a pulp and paper mill secondary sludge. In order to ...
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Strength characteristics of aerobic granular sludge
Aerobic granular sludge has a number of advantages over conventional activated sludge flocs, such as cohesive and strong matrix, fast settling characteristic, high biomass retention and ability to withstand high organic loadings, all aspects leading towards a compact reactor system. Still there are very few studies on the strength of aerobic granules. A procedure that has been used previously for ...
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Sludge reduction and performance analysis of a modified sludge reduction process
A modified sludge process reduction activated sludge (SPRAS) technology was developed by inserting a sludge process reduction (SPR) module, composed of an aeration tank and a settler, before the activated sludge system was proposed in this study. Compared with the anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (AAO) process, the SPRAS resulted in a remarkable decrease in sludge production by 76.6%; sludge ...
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Correlation of wood-based components and dewatering properties of waste activated sludge from pulp and paper industry
Large amounts of wet sludge are produced annually in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Already in pulp and paper industry, more than ten million tons of primary sludge, waste activated sludge, and de-inking sludge is generated. Waste activated sludge contains large quantities of bound water, which is difficult to dewater. Low water content would be a matter of high calorific value in ...
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A comparative treatment of bleaching wastewater by physicochemical processes
The bleaching effluent discharged from a pulp and paper mill contains chlorinated organic compounds which are toxic to living matter. Physicochemical treatments such as coagulation and different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were employed for combined bleaching effluent generated from the first two stages (i.e. chlorination and alkali extraction) (pH = 3.5, chemical oxygen demand (COD) ...
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The influence of trace NO2 on the kinetics of ammonia oxidation and the characteristics of nitrogen removal from wastewater
Ammonia oxidizing bacteria-enriched sludge was obtained in a sequencing batch reactor with synthetic wastewater. Batch tests of ammonia oxidation were carried out with the sludge, in the presence of only trace NO2 and in the presence of O2 and trace NO2, respectively. The Andrews model is used to describe NO2-dependent ammonia oxidation. The maximum ammonia oxidation rate of ...
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Sludge settleability detection using automated SV30 measurement and its application to a field WWTP
The need for automation & measurement technologies to detect the process state has been a driving force in the development of various measurements at wastewater treatment plants. While the number of applications of automation & measurement technologies to the field is increasing, there have only been a few cases where they have been applied to the area of sludge settling. This is because it is ...
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Relative kinetics of anaerobic digestion under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions
With several advantages over the conventional mesophilic anaerobic digestion, such as better sludge quality and higher biogas production, thermophilic anaerobic digestion is regarded as a promising alternative for sludge digestion. Primary and activated sludges are complex materials, and historically, analysis of kinetics has been largely on whole sludge, without analysis of individual ...
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Enhancing dewaterability of waste activated sludge by combined oxidative conditioning process with zero-valent iron and peroxymonosulfate
The enhancement of sludge dewaterability is of great importance for facilitating the sludge disposal during the operation of wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a novel oxidative conditioning approach was applied to enhance the dewaterability of waste activated sludge by the combination of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS). It was found that the dewaterability of ...
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Analysis of sludge aggregates produced during electrocoagulation of model wastewater
This paper presents the results of the study of sludge aggregates produced during electrocoagulation of model wastewater of a composition corresponding to the effluents from the cellulose and paper industry. Wastewater was electrocoagulated statically using aluminium electrodes with a current density of 31.25 A m−2 and 62.50 A m−2. In subsequent stages of the treatment, sludge flocs were ...
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Heavy metal content of Swedish municipal wastewater sludge – status and goals
In 2014, 25% of the sludge produced at Swedish municipal wastewater treatment plants was applied to agricultural land. Even though the Swedish heavy metal limits for sludge to be used in agriculture are amongst the most stringent in the EU, more stringent heavy metal limits are proposed. Most sludge applied to agricultural land is recycled within a certification system, Revaq. Revaq has ...
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Spectrophotometric Determination of Standard Parameters in Wastewater
More efficient spectrophotometric analysis of pollutant parameters in wastewater For many years, UV/Vis spectroscopy has been an established standard method with standardized procedural guidelines for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of a variety of parameters of wastewater such as nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), ammonium (NH4), phosphate ions (PO4), and total phosphorus (Ptot) ...
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Mass Spectrometers for Dissolved Species Analysis Applications
Flow-Through Dissolved Species Probe – The Flow-Through Probe is directly mounted on the MS with two ports to allow flow from an external reservoir. It is used for a wide range of dynamic applications. Denitrification Probe – Flow-through probe with a low flow design for denitrification studies. Micro-flow Inlet – Flexible capillary inlet for OEMS, on-line electrochemical MS, ...
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Short-term performance analysis of sludge treatment reed beds
Sludge treatment reed beds (STRBs) represent an established technology for managing sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, an analysis conducted on sludge stratigraphy in a STRB serving the municipal WWTPs of Helsinge (42,000 person equivalent, Denmark) is presented. The STRB has been in operation since 1996. The analysis was conducted for four months including ...
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Phosphate release from waste stabilisation pond sludge: significance and fate of polyphosphate
Net phosphorus removal from waste stabilisation pond (WSP) systems is governed by the rate of phosphorus incorporation into the sludge layer and the rate of phosphorus release from this sludge back to the overlying wastewater. Luxury uptake of phosphorus by microalgae has been shown to occur under WSP conditions in the laboratory; however, the significance of this mechanism and the fate of ...
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Analysis of Sewage and Sewage Sludge by Simultaneous ICP Spectroscopy
In recent years, the development and expansion of sewage treatment facilities has resulted in increased amounts of sludge which is generated in the treatment process, and which has presented a problem due to processing of the sludge itself. Sludge is normally incinerated or solidified and then disposed of in landfills or recycled for use in construction materials such as concrete or fertilizer. ...
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Image analysis of sludge aggregates obtained at preliminary treatment of sewage
The results of wastewater treatment by Al and Fe salts and by electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes are discussed and interpreted. Those processes used alone or combined with biological treatment, were analyzed for 50 and 90% removal of phosphates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the resulting sludge from three coagulation processes defined the perimeter P and area A of ...
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Comparison of ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate on phosphorus removal and membrane fouling in MBR treating BAF effluent of municipal wastewater
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used for treating biological aerated filter effluent in a municipal wastewater plant, and chemical phosphorus removal was accomplished in the MBR. The results showed that ferric chloride of 20 mg/L and aluminum sulfate of 30 mg/L were the optimal dosages for total phosphorus (TP) removal, and the TP removal efficiency was over 80%. In long-term continuous ...
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Thermodynamic analysis and assessment of a municipal wastewater treatment system: a field study on sewage treatment
This paper is a field study on thermodynamic analysis and assessment of an actual municipal wastewater treatment facility. The system operation is described and a methodological approach based on the energy and exergy analyses is provided to assess the performance of a complex wastewater treatment system. Since the specific exergy value of the sludge is increased through treatment process, a new ...
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Two-stage combined treatment of acid mine drainage and municipal wastewater
This study examined the feasibility of the combined treatment of field-collected acid mine drainages (AMD, pH = 4.2 ± 0.9, iron = 112 ± 118 mg/L, sulfate = 1,846 ± 594 mg/L) and municipal wastewater (MWW, avg. chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 234–333 mg/L) using a two-stage process. The process consisted of batch mixing of the two wastes to ...
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