soil profile Articles | Environmental XPRT

Evidence of active biotic influences in pedogenetic processes. Case studies from semiarid ecosystems of south-west Western Australia

Abstract Soil profiles and rooting morphologies were examined under an ecotone where open woodland of multi-stemmed, small, lignotuberous eucalypts (mallee) graded into proteaceous heath. Soils under the mallee showed a Solonetz-type seal which separated, hydrologically, the upper acidic horizon of bleached sand from lower alkaline horizons rich in calcrete, silcrete, finely divided ...

Oct. 26, 2006

By Springer-Verlag GmbH

Bioengineering of soil profiles in semiarid ecosystems: the ‘phytotarium’ concept. A review

Abstract This review draws attention to information from the literature and our own observations supporting the view that higher plants and micro-organisms display an intrinsic capacity to be proactively involved in pedogenetic processes. ‘Bioengineering’ of this kind is deemed to be spearheaded by principal deep-rooted tree and shrub species and to result in optimisation of command and ...

Oct. 19, 2006

By Springer-Verlag GmbH

Sampling moisture in the soil profile

Patterns of water replenishment and use give rise to large spatial variations in soil moisture over the depth of the soil profile. Accurate measurements of profile water content are therefore the basis of any water budget study. When monitored accurately, profile measurements show the rates of water use, amounts of deep percolation, and amounts of water stored for plant use.Experimental ...

Apr. 28, 2009

By METER Group, Inc.

Describing soils: Calibration tool for teaching soil rupture resistance

Rupture resistance is a measure of the strength of a soil to withstand an applied stress or resist deformation. In soil survey, during routine soil descriptions, rupture resistance is described for each horizon or layer in the soil profile. The lower portion of the rupture resistance classes are assigned based on rupture between thumb and forefinger. The tactile sense of the pressure can vary ...

Mar. 1, 2009

By Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)

Drip distribution soil performance and operations in a northern climate

Six drip distribution systems in Wisconsin were studied to determine the treatment performance of the soil beneath the distribution network. Of the six systems studied, three received septic tank effluent (STE), one received effluent treated by a recirculating gravel filter (RGF) and the remaining two sites were treated by aerobic treatment units (ATU). Soil conditions varied at these sites, ...

Aug. 17, 2000

By Geoflow, Inc.

Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of water transport modelling in a layered soil profile using fuzzy set theory

A methodology based on fuzzy set theory is presented to express imprecision of input data in a non-probabilitic sense. Imprecision may originate from indirect measurements, estimation routines, subjective interpretation, and expert judgement of available information. A numerical finite difference solution scheme was chosen to solve one-dimensional steady-state water flow in the unsaturated zone ...

Jan. 1, 1999

By IWA Publishing

Adsorption of Trihydroxamate and Catecholate Siderophores on -iron (Hydr)oxides and their dissolution at pH 3.0 to 6.0

The adsorption of desferrioxamine (DFOB), acetyl desferrioxamine (DFOD1), and a catecholate derivative (DFOMTA)] on goethite (-FeOOH) and hematite (-Fe2O3) and mineral dissolution behavior at pH 3.0 to 6.0 were studied to yield an understanding of the mechanisms of siderophore complexation on phases and also to study how variations in siderophore molecular structure, as modified by proton ...

Sep. 30, 2008

By Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)

Impact of sedimentation on wetland carbon sequestration in an agricultural watershed

Received for publication January 9, 2008. Landscape redistribution of soil C is common within agricultural ecosystems. Little is known about the effects of upland sediment deposition on C dynamics within riparian wetlands. To assess sedimentation impact, we obtained profile samples of wetland soil and used the combination of 137Cs, 210Pb, and 14C chronological markers to determine rates of C ...

Mar. 1, 2009

By Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)

Pedotransfer functions to determine water conducting macroporosity in South African soils

Macropores play an important role in the rapid transport of water, solutes and pollutants through the soil. Transport through these pores (>0.5 mm) is dominated by gravitational forces (i.e. matrix forces have low impact) resulting in flow rates orders of magnitude higher than rates that would be predicted, posing problems for modelling and understanding water and solute transport through soils. ...

Jan. 1, 2012

By IWA Publishing

Characterization of Iron- and Manganese-cemented Redoximorphic aggregates in wetland soils contaminated with mine wastes

In wetlands, translocation of Fe and Mn from reducing to oxidizing zones creates localized enrichments and depletions of oxide minerals. In zones of enrichment, oxides cement matrix particles together into aggregates. In this paper, we describe the various Fe- and Mn-cemented features present in the 1 to 2-mm size fraction of mine-waste contaminated wetland soils of the Coeur d'Alene (CDA) River ...

Oct. 23, 2008

By Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)

Sand & Gravel - Case Study

Creating a Borehole Database A series of exploration boreholes were drilled. Samples were taken every five feet and sieved in order to determine the relative percentages of sand, gravel and clay (or other non-sand/gravel material). These samples were restricted to the interval below the base of the soil profile and the top of the bedrock. The borehole locations, stratigraphy (see Table 1), and ...

Mar. 23, 2018

By RockWare, Inc.

Soil sorption characteristics of imidacloprid in different Croatian regions

In Croatia, imidacloprid is increasingly used in olive growing areas against the olive fruit fly. Experiments were conducted to examine the relationship between soil properties, imidacloprid concentration and soil sorption capacity. The linear and the Freundlich model adequately described the imidacloprid sorption. Better sorption was observed at lower imidacloprid concentrations and in soils ...

Dec. 4, 2012

By Inderscience Publishers

Evaluating Henry's law constant of <italic>N</italic>-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)

Evaluating Henry's law constant of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a potential carcinogen, may contaminate the groundwater when the reclaimed wastewater is used for irrigation and groundwater recharge. Henry's law constant is a critical parameter to assess the fate and transport of reclaimed wastewater-borne NDMA in the soil profile. We conducted a laboratory experiment in which the change of NDMA concentration in water exposed to ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Persistence and sorption of imazapyr in three Argentinean soils

Imazapyr is a herbicide widely used for weed control in imidazolinone‐tolerant sunflower. Imazapyr has a high potential for leaching into groundwater because it is highly water‐soluble, persistent in soil, and only weakly sorbed by soils. There is a lack of information available in Argentina concerning groundwater leaching of imazapyr. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to ...

Nov. 11, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Archaeological survey 2

The site of the Meadows’ Wesleyan Cemetery in the Adelaide is thought to contain more than 130 unmarked graves. This site initially had a chapel constructed on it in 1840 and the first burial in 1855. The initial chapel was replaced by a more substantial stone building in 1856. Burials continued in this cemetery sporadically until the 1940’s although the site became less used after ...

Jul. 23, 2014

By ZZ Resistivity Imaging Pty. Ltd.

Wastewater reuse for irrigation and seawater intrusion: evaluation of salinity effects on soils in Cyprus

Climate change and the continuous population growth increase the demand for water, which in arid and semiarid regions, like the Mediterranean, is considered a limited resource. Future demands will not be met by traditional water resources like surface and groundwater. In order to handle increased water demand, the treated wastewater originating from municipal wastewater treatment plants is ...

Nov. 20, 2013

By IWA Publishing

Transport and fate of estrogenic hormones in slurry-treated soil monoliths

Received for publication October 29, 2007. The naturally occurring hormones, such as 17-β-estradiol, 17-{alpha}-estradiol, and estrone, present in livestock manure may have detrimental environmental effects if released into surface waters. In areas where manure application is intensive, estrogens have been found in surface waters in concentrations known to affect the endocrine system of fish ...

Mar. 25, 2009

By Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)

Metabolomic analysis of soil communities can be used for pollution assessment

Here we show that metabolic profiling can be used to assess the changes in biochemical profiles of soil communities living in contaminated sites. We propose the term ‘community metabolomics’ for the application of metabolomics techniques to the study of the entire community of a soil sample. We anticipate our study to be a starting point for the use of this technique to assess how communities ...

Oct. 9, 2013

By John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Considerations for the mitigation of nitrate contamination: stable isotopes and insights into the importance of soil processes

Nutrient management is widely promoted to minimize the impact of intensive fertilizer use on groundwater quality, however watershed-scale stable isotope studies in eastern North America suggest nitrogen transport to groundwater is dominated by non-growing season fluxes derived principally from the mineralization and nitrification of soil organic matter. In the current field scale study, δ15N ...

Jan. 1, 2011

By IWA Publishing

Reed die-back related to increased sulfide concentration in a coastal mire in eastern Hokkaido, Japan

A drastic decline of Phragmites australis was observed along the middle reaches of Ichibangawa River in Kiritappu Mire, eastern Hokkaido, Japan, during the last 50 years. In an area of ~30 ha, reed-sedge vegetation and alder forest have been replaced by bare soil and patches of salt marsh vegetation. A gradual increase in frequency of flooding by brackish water probably was the ultimate cause of ...

Feb. 1, 2005

By Springer-Verlag GmbH

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